全文朗讀 Tsuân-bûn lóng-tho̍k
由新型冠狀病毒引起的世紀大瘟疫—武漢肺炎已經流行超過一冬矣,加哉佇全球科學界的通力拍拚之下,有效的疫苗直直予人發展出來,嘛隨大規模咧注。毋過這隻病毒並無認輸,繼續咧四界湠,而且閣生出幾若款突變種,舊年九月佇英國發見的彼隻特別夭壽,毋但較𠢕穢人,造成的死亡率嘛較懸,予英國佇舊年尾佮今年初受災傷重。紲落去伊閣沓沓仔湠對別的國家去,予𪜶相連紲出現第三波的疫情。除了英國的彼隻以外,源自南非的突變株閣愈予人頭殼疼,因為有研究發見伊袂驚由英國牛津大學佮藥廠AstraZeneca所開發的AZ疫苗,致使南非政府姑不將停止予𪜶的人民注AZ疫苗。
Iû sin-hîng kuan-tsōng-pēnn-to̍k ín-khí ê sè-kí tuā-un-i̍k—Bú-hàn hì-iām í-king liû-hîng tshiau-kuè tsi̍t tang––ah, ka-tsài tī tsuân-kiû kho-ha̍k-kài ê thong-li̍k phah-piànn tsi-hā, ū hāu ê i̍k-biâu ti̍t-ti̍t hōo-lâng huat-tián––tshut-lâi, mā suî tuā kui-bôo teh tsù. M̄-koh tsit tsiah pēnn-to̍k pīng bô jīn su, kè-siok teh sì-kè thuànn, jî-tshiánn koh senn tshut kuí-nā khuánn tu̍t-piàn tsíng, kū-nî káu-gue̍h tī Ing-kok huat-kiàn ê hit tsiah ti̍k-pia̍t iáu-siū, m̄-nā khah gâu uè––lâng, tsō-sîng ê sí-bông lu̍t mā khah kuân, hōo Ing-kok tī kū-nî bué kap kin-nî-tshe siū-tsai siong-tiōng. Suà––lo̍h-khì i koh ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á thuànn tuì pa̍t ê kok-ka khì, hōo in sio-liân-suà tshut-hiān tē-sann-pho ê i̍k-tsîng. Tû-liáu Ing-kok ê hit tsiah í-guā, guân-tsū Lâm-hui ê tu̍t-piàn-tsu koh lú hōo lâng thâu-khak thiànn, in-uī ū gián-kiù huat-kiàn i bē kiann iû Ing-kok Gû-tin tāi-ha̍k kap io̍h-tshiúnn AstraZeneca sóo khai-huat ê AZ i̍k-biâu, tì-sú Lâm-hui tsìng-hú koo-put-tsiong thîng-tsí hōo in ê jîn-bîn tsù AZ i̍k-biâu.
除了對抗變種病毒的效力受人質疑以外,閣因為有人佇注了AZ疫苗以後出現親像血角的附作用,致使那來那濟國家針對AZ疫苗的使用設立了年歲的限制,甚至停止注。針對已經注一擺AZ疫苗的人,有歐洲國家就當咧考慮第二擺欲予𪜶注別牌的疫苗,通避免拖慢著整體注疫苗的進度。雖罔現此時科學界的共識是第一擺佮第二擺攏著愛注仝牌的疫苗,毋通濫咧注。毋過有人卻有無仝的看法,因為疫苗設計的概念是共病毒的抗原呈現予免疫系統看,訓練伊發展出對抗病毒的免疫力,通佇未來佮病毒相拄的時,緊共伊拍滅。無仝藥廠咧設計疫苗的時,加減佇抗原的選擇上會有寡精差,設使若共無仝牌的疫苗濫咧注,凡勢會使幫贊免疫系統生出較齊全的保護力。毋過因為到今猶無臨床研究的支持,佇科學界猶無偌濟人敢徛出來共這个做法背書。
Tû-liáu tuì-khòng piàn-tsíng pēnn-to̍k ê hāu-li̍k siū lâng tsit-gî í-guā, koh in-uī ū lâng tī tsù liáu AZ i̍k-biâu í-āu tshut-hiān tshin-tshiūnn hueh-kak ê hù-tsok-iōng, tì-sú ná lâi ná tsē kok-ka tsiam-tuì AZ i̍k-biâu ê sú-iōng siat-li̍p liáu nî-huè ê hān-tsè, sīm-tsì thîng-tsí tsù. Tsiam-tuì í-king tsù tsi̍t pái AZ i̍k-biâu ê lâng, ū Au-tsiu kok-ka tō tng-teh khó-lū tē jī pái beh hōo in tsù pa̍t pâi ê i̍k-biâu, thang pī-bián thua-bān tio̍h tsíng-thé tsù i̍k-biâu ê tsìn-tōo. Sui-bóng hiān-tshú-sî kho-ha̍k-kài ê kiōng-sik sī tē it pái kap tē jī pái lóng tio̍h ài tsù kāng pâi ê i̍k-biâu, m̄ thang lām teh tsù. M̄-koh ū lâng khiok ū bô-kāng ê khuànn-huat, in-uī i̍k-biâu siat-kè ê khài-liām sī kā pēnn-to̍k ê khòng-guân thîng-hiān hōo bián-i̍k-hē-thóng khuànn, hùn-liān i huat-tián tshut tuì-khòng pēnn-to̍k ê bián-i̍k-li̍k, thang tī bī-lâi kap pēnn-to̍k sio-tú ê sî, kín kā i phah-bia̍t. Bô-kāng io̍h-tshiúnn teh siat-kè i̍k-biâu ê sî, ke-kiám tī khòng-guân ê suán-ti̍k siōng ē ū kuá tsing-tsha, siat-sú nā kā bô kāng pâi ê i̍k-biâu lām teh tsù, huān-sè ē-sái pang-tsān bián-i̍k-hē-thóng senn-tshut khah tsê-tsuân ê pó-hōo-li̍k. M̄-koh in-uī kàu-tann iáu bô lîm-tshn̂g gián-kiù ê tsi-tshî, tī kho-ha̍k-kài iáu bô guā tsē lâng kánn khiā tshut lâi kā tsit ê tsò-huat puē-su.
到底共無仝牌的疫苗濫咧注的法度是好抑是䆀?以早敢有類似的例通參考?下面咱做伙來探討。
Tàu-té kā bô kāng pâi ê i̍k-biâu lām teh tsù ê huat-tōo sī hó a̍h-sī bái?Í-tsá kám ū luī-sū ê lē thang tsham-khó?Ē-bīn lán tsò-hué lâi thàm-thó.
早前的例 Tsá-tsîng ê lē
利用注無仝牌的疫苗來加強對傳染病的保護力,過去就捌有人試驗過矣。小兒麻痺會使講是一件成功的例。預防小兒麻痺的疫苗有兩款:用食的沙賓疫苗佮用注的沙克疫苗。沙賓疫苗是一款減毒的疫苗,伊的好處是較俗嘛較好種,就敢若食藥仔仝款,缺點是伊著愛食幾若回才會生夠額的保護力。沙克疫苗是用死的(無感染力)病毒做的,伊雖罔愛用注射的,毋過伊的效力較好,干焦注一擺就有夠。一个印度的團隊發見若予種過沙賓疫苗的囡仔加注沙克疫苗,會予𪜶對小兒麻痺的免疫保護力加強,暗示注幾若牌的疫苗會較有路用。
Lī-iōng tsù bô-kāng pâi ê i̍k-biâu lâi ka-kiông tuì thuân-jiám-pēnn ê pó-hōo-li̍k, kuè-khì tō bat ū lâng tshì-giām kuè––ah. Sió-jî-bâ-pì ē-sái kóng sī tsi̍t kiānn sîng-kong ê lē. Ī-hông sió-jî-bâ-pì ê i̍k-biâu ū nn̄g khuán:iōng tsia̍h ê Sua-pin-i̍k-biâu kap iōng tsù ê Sua-khik-i̍k-biâu. Sua-pin-i̍k-biâu sī tsi̍t khuán kiám-to̍k ê i̍k-biâu, i ê hó tshù sī khah sio̍k mā khah hó tsìng, tō kánn-ná tsia̍h io̍h-á kāng-khuán, khuat-tiám sī i tio̍h ài tsia̍h kuí-nā huê tsiah ē senn kàu gia̍h ê pó-hōo-li̍k. Sua-khik-i̍k-biâu sī iōng sí ê (bô kám-jiám-li̍k) pēnn-to̍k tsò ê, i sui-bóng ài iōng tsù-siā ê, m̄-koh i ê hāu-li̍k khah hó, kan-na tsù tsi̍t pái tō ū kàu. Tsi̍t ê Ìn-tōo ê thuân-tuī huat-kiàn nā hōo tsìng kuè Sua-pin-i̍k-biâu ê gín-á ke tsù Sua-khik-i̍k-biâu, ē hōo in tuì sió-jî-bâ-pì ê bián-i̍k-pó-hōo-li̍k ka-kiông, àm-sī tsù kuí-nā pâi ê i̍k-biâu ē khah ū lōo-īng.
不而過,這个法度並毋是對別款病嘛通用,比論講針對肝炎A,注無仝疫苗的效果就和注仝一款的差不多。對肝炎B嘛是仝款,美國CDC就講無仝藥廠做的疫苗會使濫咧注無要緊,因為效力佮注仝一牌的無精差。
Put-jî-kò, tsit ê huat-tōo pīng m̄-sī tuì pa̍t-khuán pēnn mā thong-iōng, pí-lūn kóng tsiam-tuì kuann-iām A, tsù bô-kāng i̍k-biâu ê hāu-kó tō hām tsù kāng tsi̍t khuán ê tsha-put-to. Tuì kuann-iām B mā sī kāng-khuán, Bí-kok CDC tō kóng bô-kāng io̍h-tshiúnn tsò ê i̍k-biâu ē-sái lām-teh tsù bô iàu-kín, in-uī hāu-li̍k kap tsù kāng tsi̍t pâi ê bô tsing-tsha.
針對新冠病毒的研究 Tsiam-tuì sin-hîng kuan-tsōng-pēnn-to̍k ê gián-kiù
若論著疫苗的注射率,英國算是逐家的好模範,𪜶佇舊年尾就代先許可使用美國藥廠輝瑞的疫苗,紲落去無偌久閣隨批准家己國家開發的AZ疫苗,予伊佇歐洲的疫苗注射率排第一,佇全球嘛干焦輸予以色列。而且𪜶佇今年二月初閣起鼓來試驗共輝瑞的RNA疫苗佮用猴的腺病毒做載體的AZ疫苗濫咧注的臨床試驗,預定六月會出報告佮逐家分享。除了英國以外,香港大學嘛興tshih-tshih欲揣志願者來試看覓共中國出產的科興佮美國輝瑞的疫苗濫咧注的效果。𤆬頭的科學家孔繁毅就預測講:共利用無仝技術做出來的疫苗混合注,無的確會當生出較好的抗體保護力。
Nā lūn-tio̍h i̍k-biâu ê tsù-siā lu̍t, Ing-kok sǹg-sī ta̍k-ke ê hó bôo-huān, in tī kū-nî bué tō tāi-sing hí-khó sú-iōng Bí-kok io̍h-tshiúnn Hui-suī ê i̍k-biâu, suà––lo̍h-khì bô-guā-kú koh suî phue-tsún ka-tī kok-ka khai-huat ê AZ i̍k-biâu, hōo i tī Au-tsiu ê i̍k-biâu tsù-siā-lu̍t pâi tē-it, tī tsuân-kiû mā kan-na su hōo Í-sik-lia̍t. Jî-tshiánn in tī kin-nî jī-gue̍h-tshe koh khí-kóo lâi tshì-giām kā Hui-suī ê RNA i̍k-biâu kap iōng kâu ê suànn-pēnn-to̍k tsò tsài-thé ê AZ i̍k-biâu lām teh tsù ê lîm-tshn̂g tshì-giām, ī-tīng la̍k-gue̍h ē tshut pò-kò kap ta̍k-ke hun-hióng. Tû-liáu Ing-kok í-guā, Hiong-káng tāi-ha̍k mā hìng-tshih-tshih beh tshuē tsì-guān-tsiá lâi tshì-huànn-māi kā Tiong-kok tshut-sán ê Kho-hing kap Bí-kok Hui-suī ê i̍k-biâu lām-teh tsù ê hāu-kó. Tshuā-thâu ê kho-ha̍k-ka Khóng-huân-gē tō ī-tshik kóng: kā lī-iōng bô kāng ki-su̍t tsò––tshut-lâi ê i̍k-biâu hūn-ha̍p tsù, bô-ti̍k-khak ē-tàng senn-tshut khah hó ê khòng-thé pó-hōo-li̍k.
雖罔佇人體試驗的結果猶未出來,毋過科學家佇鳥鼠仔實驗裡已經看著正面的結果。研究人員比較注RNA疫苗佮AZ疫苗的鳥鼠仔和干焦注其中一款的鳥鼠仔的免疫反應,𪜶的結果顯示注兩款疫苗的鳥鼠仔對新冠病毒會產生較強的免疫力,予人對臨床試驗的結果充滿期待。
Sui-bóng tī jîn-thé tshì-giām ê kiat-kó iáu-buē tshut––lâi, m̄-koh kho-ha̍k-ka tī niáu-tshí-á si̍t-giām-ni̍h í-king khuànn-tio̍h tsiànn-bīn ê kiat-kó. Gián-kiù jîn-uân pí-kàu tsù RNA i̍k-biâu kap AZ i̍k-biâu ê niáu-tshí-á hām kan-na tsù kî-tiong tsi̍t khuán ê niáu-tshí-á ê bián-i̍k-huán-ìng, in ê kiat-kó hián-sī tsù nn̄g-khuán i̍k-biâu ê niáu-tshí-á tuì sin-kuan-pēnn-to̍k ē sán-sing khah kiông ê bián-i̍k-li̍k, hōo lâng tuì lîm-tshn̂g tshì-giām ê kiat-kó tshiong-buán kî-thāi.
現此時當咧佇各國注的疫苗,除了Johnson & Johnson的疫苗干焦需要注一改就會使以外,其他牌的攏著注兩擺才有夠力。若欲照各藥廠的使用規範做,也就是兩改攏著注仝牌的,定著愛共夠額的疫苗先攢好勢才會用得。毋過現此時逐國攏咧哀講疫苗無夠通注,閣加上輝瑞的RNA疫苗著閣愛保存佇零下70度的冷凍庫裡,量閣有限,現現就無夠通予人注兩擺。所以若會使和其他牌的疫苗配合注,可比講用會當囥冰箱保存,運送嘛較利便的AZ抑是Johnson & Johnson疫苗,國家欲推捒全民注疫苗的運動的確會較順利。
Hiān-tshú-sî tng-teh tī kok-kok tsù ê i̍k-biâu, tû-liáu Johnson & Johnson ê i̍k-biâu kan-na su-iàu tsù tsi̍t kái tō ē-sái í-guā, kî-tha-pâi-ê lóng tio̍h tsù nn̄g-pái tsiah ū kàu la̍t. Nā beh tsiàu kok io̍h-tshiúnn ê sú-iōng kui-huān tsò, iā-tō-sī nn̄g kái lóng tio̍h tsù kāng-pâi-ê, tiānn-tio̍h ài kā kàu-gia̍h ê i̍k-biâu sing tshuân hó-sè tsiah ē-īng––tit. M̄-koh hiān-tshú-sî ta̍k-kok lóng teh ai kóng i̍k-biâu bô kàu thang tsù, koh ka-siōng Hui-suī ê RNA i̍k-biâu tio̍h koh ài pó-tsûn tī lîng-hā 70 tōo ê líng-tòng-khòo ni̍h, liōng koh iú-hān, hiān-hiān tō bô kàu thang hōo lâng tsù nn̄g pái. Sóo-í nā ē-sái hām kî-tha-pâi ê i̍k-biâu phuè-ha̍p tsù, khó-pí kóng iōng ē-tàng khǹg ping-siunn pó-tsûn, ūn-sàng mā khah lī-piān ê AZ a̍h-sī Johnson & Johnson i̍k-biâu, kok-ka beh tshui-sak tsuân-bîn tsù i̍k-biâu ê ūn-tōng tik-khak ē khah sūn-lī.
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