現代人的生活和頂一輩的作穡人誠無仝，三頓食好物閣欠運動，致使大箍人愈來愈濟，嘛因為按呢予各種五花十色的減肥計畫成做新聞媒體抑是YouTube頂頭時行的廣告，無論是個人減肥成功的經驗抑是醫生推薦的減肥撇步攏看會著。雖罔人人攏知欲瘦落去真簡單，就是較捷運動閣控制食食，毋過有試過欲減肥的人就知，體重就敢若俗語講的《請神容易送神難》，欲增加是誠簡單但是欲共挕捒是不止艱難矣！而且根據醫學統計，減肥欲成功的機會平均干焦有百分之五至百分之十爾爾。是按怎會遮低咧？
Hiān-tāi-lâng ê sing-ua̍h hām tíng tsi̍t puè ê tsoh-sit-lâng tsiânn bô-kāng, sann tǹg tsia̍h hó-mi̍h koh khiàm ūn-tōng, tì-sú tuā-khoo-lâng lú lâi lú tsē, mā in-uī án-ne hōo kok-tsióng ngóo-hue-tsa̍p-sik ê kiám-puî kè-uē tsiânn-tsò sin-bûn muî-thé a̍h-sī YouTube tíng-thâu sî-kiânn ê kóng-kò, bô-lūn sī kò-jîn kiám-puî sîng-kong ê king-giām a̍h-sī i-sing thui-tsiàn ê kiám-puî phiat-pōo lóng khuànn ē tio̍h. Sui-bóng lâng-lâng lóng tsai beh sán––lo̍h-khì tsin kán-tan, tō sī khah tsia̍p ūn-tōng koh khòng-tsè tsia̍h-si̍t, m̄-koh ū tshì-kuè beh kiám-puî ê lâng tiō tsai, thé-tāng tō kánn-ná sio̍k-gí kóng––ê “tshiánn sîn iông-ī sàng sîn lân”, beh tsing-ka sī tsiânn kán-tan tān-sī beh kā hìnn-sak sī put-tsí kan-lân––ah! Jî-tshiánn kin-kì i-ha̍k thóng-kè, kiám-puî beh sîng-kong ê ki-huē pîng-kin kan-na ū pah-hun-tsi-gōo tsì pah-hun-tsi-tsa̍p niā-niā. Sī án-tsuánn ē tsiah kē––leh?
是按怎人欲瘦落去會遮爾仔艱難？對科學的角度來看，因端是不止仔濟，下面我簡單舉幾个做例來說明：
Sī án-tsuánn lâng beh sán––lo̍h-khì ē tsiah-nī-á kan-lân? Tuì kho-ha̍k ê kak-tōo lâi khuànn, in-tuann sī put-tsí-á tsē, ē-bīn guá kán-tan kí kuí ê tsò lē lâi sueh-bîng:
運動的習慣歹維持 Ūn-tōng ê si̍p-kuàn pháinn uî-tshî
大箍人運動的時陣，𪜶的身軀消耗熱量 (calorie) 的效率比正常體重的人較䆀，造成𪜶欲靠運動來減肥的效果有限。另外，有研究顯示做仝一項運動對大箍人來講會比別人較硬篤，雖罔運動一般是會予人心情快活，毋過對大箍人來講煞有可能是一種折磨，致使𪜶愈無法度長期保持運動的習慣來減肥。
Tuā-khoo-lâng ūn-tōng ê sî-tsūn, in ê sin-khu siau-hàu jia̍t-liōng (calorie) ê hāu-lu̍t pí tsìng-siông thé-tāng ê lâng khah bái, tsō-sîng in beh khò ūn-tōng lâi kiám-puî ê hāu-kó iú-hān. Līng-guā, ū gián-kiù hián-sī tsò kāng tsi̍t hāng ūn-tōng tuì tuā-khoo-lâng lâi kóng ē pí pa̍t-lâng khah ngē-táu, sui-bóng ūn-tōng it-puann sī ē hōo lâng sim-tsîng khuìnn-ua̍h, m̄-koh tuì tuā-khoo-lâng lâi kóng suah ū khó-lîng sī tsi̍t-tsióng tsiat-buâ, tì-sú in lú bô-huat-tōo tn̂g-kî pó-tshî ūn-tōng ê si̍p-kuàn lâi kiám-puî.
人體天生的保護機制 Jîn-thé thian-sing ê pó-hōo ki-tsè
佇咱人類兩百外萬年的演化中，長期攏踮曠野咧生活，倚靠拍獵野獸以及挽果子來顧三頓。見若拄著飢荒抑是天災予食物來源欠缺，人定著愛有腹肚枵的心理準備。因為按呢，咱的身體沓沓仔發展出對抗飢荒的法度，譬論講會調降基礎代謝率(basal metabolic rate, BMR) 通好保存身體有限的資源來度過飢荒。BMR是人欲維持基本生理功能所需要的上低熱量，通常是人靜靜倒佇眠床頂的時所消耗的熱量。對當咧減肥的人來講，當然BMR是愈懸愈好。不而過，今人若為著欲減肥來限制食食，予吸收入體內的calorie減少，咱的身體會共這个現象解讀做是一種對生存的威脅，會自動調降基礎代謝率，而且閣會釋放會予人感覺枵的hormone，增加人欲食物件的慾望，致使欲減重的目標會愈歹達成。
Tī lán jîn-luī nn̄g-pah-guā bān nî ê ián-huà tiong, tn̂g-kî lóng tiàm khòng-iá teh sing-ua̍h, uá-khò phah-la̍h iá-siù í-ki̍p bán kué-tsí lâi kòo-sann-tǹg. Kiàn-nā tú-tio̍h ki-hng ia̍h-sī thian-tsai hōo tsia̍h-mi̍h lâi-guân khiàm-khueh, lâng tiānn-tio̍h ài ū pak-tóo-iau ê sim-lí-tsún-pī. In-uī án-ne, lán ê sin-thé ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á huat-tián tshut tuì-khòng ki-hng ê huat-tōo, phì-lūn kóng ē tiâu-kàng ki-tshóo-tāi-siā-lu̍t (basal metabolic rate, BMR) thang-hó pó-tsûn sin-thé iú-hān ê tsu-guân lâi tōo-kuè ki-hng. BMR sī lâng beh uî-tshî ki-pún sing-lí-kong-lîng sóo su-iàu ê siōng kē jia̍t-liōng, thong-siông sī lâng tsīng-tsīng tó tī bîn-tshn̂g tíng ê sî sóo siau-hàu ê jia̍t-liōng. Tuì tng-teh kiám-puî ê lâng lâi kóng, tong-jiân BMR sī lú kuân lú hó. Put-jî-kò, tann lâng nā uī-tio̍h beh kiám-puî lâi hān-tsè tsia̍h-si̍t, hōo khip-siu ji̍p thé-lāi ê calorie kiám-tsió, lán ê sin-thé ē kā tsit ê hiān-siōng kái-tho̍k tsò sī tsi̍t tsióng tuì sing-tsûn ê ui-hia̍p, ē tsū-tōng tiâu-kàng ki-tshóo-tāi-siā-lu̍t, jî-tshiánn koh ē sik-hòng ē hōo lâng kám-kak iau ê hormone, tsing-ka lâng beh tsia̍h mi̍h-kiānn ê io̍k-bōng, tì-sú beh kiám-tāng ê bo̍k-piau ē lú pháinn ta̍t-sîng.
蹛佇腸內的細菌種類 Tuà-tī tn̂g-lāi ê sè-khún tsióng-luī
人自出世開始佮外界接觸了後，無仝的細菌就透過食食進入咱腸內定根生湠，沓沓仔形成所謂的微生物群(microbiota)。因為生活環境和食食的差別，人人攏有伊家己獨一無二的腸內微生物群。群內的細菌大多數對人是有大利益，親像會使幫贊咱吸收營養以及防止䆀的細菌踮腸內生長。科學家真早就發現，大箍人和正常體重的人有誠無仝款的腸內微生物族群，大箍人腸內的細菌種類較少，正常體重的人的細菌組成較豐富多元。敢講遮的無仝細菌族群會造成人大箍抑是瘦咧？
Lâng tsū tshut-sì khai-sí kap guā-kài tsiap-tshiok liáu āu, bô-kāng ê sè-khún tō thàu-kuè tsia̍h-si̍t tsìn-ji̍p lán tn̂g-lāi tīng-kin senn-thuànn, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á hîng-sîng sóo-uī ê bî-sing-bu̍t kûn (microbiota). In-uī sing-ua̍h-khuân-kíng hām tsia̍h-si̍t ê tsha-pia̍t, lâng-lâng lóng ū i ka-tī to̍k-it-bû-jī ê tn̂g-lāi bî-sing-bu̍t kûn. Kûn-lāi ê sè-khún tuā-to-sòo tuì lâng sī ū tuā lī-ik, tshin-tshiūnn ē-sái pang-tsān lán khip-siu îng-ióng í-ki̍p hông-tsí bái ê sè-khún tiàm tn̂g-lāi sing-tióng. Kho-ha̍k-ka tsin tsá tō huat-hiān, tuā-khoo-lâng hām tsìng-siông thé-tāng ê lâng ū tsiânn bô kāng-khuán ê tn̂g-lāi bî-sing-bu̍t tso̍k-kûn, tuā-khoo-lâng tn̂g-lāi ê sè-khún tsióng-luī khah tsió, tsìng-siông thé-tāng ê lâng ê sè-khún tsóo-sîng khah hong-hù to-guân. Kám kóng tsia-ê bô kāng sè-khún tso̍k-kûn ē tsō-sîng lâng tuā-khoo a̍h-sī sán––leh?
針對這个假設，美國Washington University in St. Louis 的教授Jeffrey Gordon共大箍人和較瘦的人腸內的細菌移植入實驗鳥鼠體內，來觀察無仝細菌族群對鳥鼠仔體重的影響。Gordon發現飼佇仝款的環境閣食仝量的食物之下，接受大箍人細菌的鳥鼠攏變甲肥朒朒，相對來看，接受較瘦的人的細菌的鳥鼠比較攏較瘦。伊的實驗結果顯示，蹛佇腸內的細菌族群會予𪜶的宿主佇食食相仝的狀況之下，吸收入無仝量的熱量(calorie)，造成𪜶體重出現精差。所擺講，後改若閣聽人哼講伊明明就佮別人食仝量的飯，是按怎煞會比人較𠢕大箍，背後確實是有伊的道理佇的。
Tsiam-tuì tsit ê ká-siat, Bí-kok Washington University in St. Louis ê kàu-siū, Jeffrey Gordon, kā tuā-khoo-lâng hām khah sán ê lâng tn̂g-lāi ê sè-khún î-si̍t ji̍p si̍t-giām niáu-tshí thé-lāi, lâi kuan-tshat bô kāng sè-khún tso̍k-kûn tuì niáu-tshí-á thé-tāng ê íng-hióng. Gordon huat-hiān tshī tī kāng-khuán ê khuân-kíng koh tsia̍h kāng-liōng ê tsia̍h-mi̍h tsi hā, tsiap-siū tuā-khoo-lâng sè-khún ê niáu-tshí lóng piàn kah puî-tsut-tsut, siong-tuì lâi khuànn, tsiap-siū khah sán ê lâng sè-khún ê niáu-tshí pí-kàu lóng khah sán. I ê si̍t-giām kiat-kó hián-sī, tuà tī tn̂g-lāi ê sè-khún tso̍k-kûn ē hōo in ê siok-tsú tī tsia̍h-si̍t sio-kāng ê tsōng-hóng tsi-hā, khip-siu ji̍p bô kāng liōng ê jia̍t-liōng (calorie), tsō-sîng in thé-tāng tshut-hiān tsing-tsha. Sóo-pái kóng, āu kái nā koh thiann lâng hainn kóng i bîng-bîng tō kap pa̍t-lâng tsia̍h kāng liōng ê pn̄g, sī án-tsuánn suah ē pí lâng khah gâu tuā-khoo, puē-āu khak-si̍t sī ū i ê tō-lí tī––ê.
紲落去Gordon共這兩組鳥鼠飼做伙，來看𪜶腸內的細菌族群敢會有變化，伊發現著誠趣味的代誌，佇接受大箍人細菌群的鳥鼠腸內，伊發現有原底干焦存在佇另外彼組鳥鼠腸內的細菌，而且這兩組鳥鼠最後攏維持健康體重。伊推測是原底腸內干焦有䆀細菌群的鳥鼠，透過食其他鳥鼠的屎（鳥鼠仔特殊的行為），共𪜶的好細菌食入體內，避免𪜶體重的衝懸。不而過，若是予𪜶干焦食類似西方食食彼款油脂成份懸的食物，遮的好微生物族群就無法度佇𪜶腸內定根生湠，可見咱食食的好䆀嘛是有可能會影響著咱腸內微生物族群的組成。
Suà––lo̍h-khì Gordon kā tsit nn̄g tsoo niáu-tshí tshī tsò-hué, lâi khuànn in tn̂g-lāi ê sè-khún tso̍k-kûn kám ē ū piàn-huà, i huat-hiān tio̍h tsiânn tshù-bī ê tāi-tsì, tī tsiap-siū tuā-khoo-lâng sè-khún kûn ê niáu-tshí tn̂g-lāi, i huat-hiān ū guân-té kan-na tsûn-tsāi tī līng-guā hit tsoo niáu-tshí tn̂g-lāi ê sè-khún, jî-tshiánn tsit nn̄g tsoo niáu-tshí tsuè-āu lóng uî-tshî kiān-khong thé-tāng. I thui-tshik sī guân-té tn̂g-lāi kan-na ū bái sè-khún kûn ê niáu-tshí, thàu-kuè tsia̍h kî-tha niáu-tshí ê sái (niáu-tsh-á ti̍k-sû ê hîng-uî), kā in ê hó sè-khún tsia̍h ji̍p thé-lāi, pī-bián in thé-tāng ê tshìng kuân. Put-jî-kò, nā sī hōo in kan-na tsia̍h luī-sū Se-hong tsia̍h-si̍t hit khuán iû-tsi sîng-hūn kuân ê tsia̍h-mi̍h, tsia-ê hó bî-sing-bu̍t tso̍k-kûn tō bô-huat-tōo tī in tn̂g-lāi tīng-kin senn-thuànn, khó-kiàn lán tsia̍h-si̍t ê hó-bái mā sī ū khó-lîng ē íng-hióng tio̍h lán tn̂g-lāi bî-sing-bu̍t tso̍k-kûn ê tsóo-sîng.
所擺講，有一群好的胃腸微生物對維持健康體重是不止要緊，而且欲予𪜶會當好好定根生湠著閣愛有健康的食食。
Sóo-pái kóng, ū tsi̍t kûn hó-ê uī-tn̂g bî-sing-bu̍t tuì uî-tshî kiān-khong thé-tāng sī put-tsí iàu-kín, jî-tshiánn beh hōo in ē-tàng hó-hó tīng-kin senn-thuànn tio̍h koh ài ū kiān-khong ê tsia̍h-si̍t.
腦部功能受影響 Náu-pōo kong-lîng siū íng-hióng
正常人佇食飯飽的時陣，胃會釋放一種叫做leptin的hormone來通知腦部的飽足中樞hypothalamus：胃已經飽滇囉，毋通閣繼續食矣，予人感覺飽足停止食物件。毋過，有新研究顯示，若是食傷濟油脂成份懸的食物，會予leptin失去通知hypothalamus體內能量已經夠額的能力，無法度予hypothalamus壓制食物件的慾望，造成鳥鼠較𠢕大箍。這个跨國研究團隊現此時當咧觀察看佇人體內敢有仝款的現象，向望會使來佇臨床開發減肥的藥物（請參考我進前有關新藥開發的文章）。
Tsìng-siông lâng tī tsia̍h-pn̄g-pá ê sî-tsūn, uī ē sik-hòng tsi̍t tsióng kiò-tsò leptin ê hormone lâi thong-ti náu-pōo ê pá-tsiok tiong-sū, hypothalamus: uī í-king pá-tīnn––looh, m̄-thang koh kè-sio̍k tsia̍h––ah, hōo lâng kám-kak pá-tsiok thîng-tsí tsia̍h mi̍h-kiānn. M̄-koh, ū sin gián-kiù hián-sī, nā sī tsia̍h siunn tsē iû-tsi sîng-hūn kuân ê tsia̍h-mi̍h, ē hōo leptin sit-khì thong-ti hypothalamus thé-lāi lîng-liōng í-king kàu-gia̍h ê lîng-li̍k, bô-huat-tōo hōo hypothalamus ap-tsè tsia̍h mi̍h-kiānn ê io̍k-bōng, tsō-sîng niáu-tshí khah gâu tuā-khoo. Tsit ê khuà-kok gián-kiù-thuân-tuī hiān-tshú-sî tng-teh kuan-tshat khuànn tī lâng thé-lāi kám ū kāng-khuán ê hiān-siōng, ǹg-bāng ē-sái lâi tī lîm-tshn̂g khai-huat kiám-puî ê io̍h-bu̍t (tshiánn tsham-khó guá tsìn-tsîng iú-kuan sin-io̍h khai-huat ê bûn-tsiunn).
總講一句，大箍是種種無仝款的生理機制佮環境年久月深作用之下沓沓仔造成的，嘛會使共看做是一種慢性病。按呢看來，減肥就若親像咧治療慢性病，毋但需要時間閣愛有誠強的毅力才看會著效果。
Tsóng-kóng––tsi̍t-kù, tuā-khoo sī tsióng-tsióng bô kāng-khuán ê sing-lí-ki-tsè kap khuân-kíng nî-kú-gue̍h-tshim tsok-iōng tsi hā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á tsō-sîng––ê, mā ē-sái kā khuànn tsò sī tsi̍t tsióng bān-sìng pēnn. Án-ne khuànn––lâi, kiám-puî tō ná tshin-tshiūnn leh tī-liâu bān-sìng pēnn, m̄-nā su-iàu sî-kan koh ài ū tsiânn kiông ê gē-li̍k tsiah khuànn ē tio̍h hāu-kó.