全文朗讀 Tsuân-bûn lóng-tho̍k
毋管是食物件無細膩去咬著喙抑是火氣大致到喙破，這款經驗攏予人誠齷齪，尤其是當咧收喙的時陣特別食力，定定予人疼甲食袂落飯。毋過論真講，喙內的空喙收喙速度並身軀別位的空喙加足緊，閣袂留疧，是一項予科學界誠好奇的代誌。
M̄-kuán sī tsia̍h mi̍h-kiānn bô-sè-jī khì kā-tio̍h tshuì a̍h-sī hué-khì-tuā tì-kàu tshuì phuà, tsit khuán king-giām lóng hōo lâng tsiânn ak-tsak, iû-kî sī tng-teh siu-tshuì ê sî-tsūn ti̍k-pia̍t tsia̍h-la̍t, tiānn-tiānn hōo-lâng thiànn kah tsia̍h bē lo̍h pn̄g. M̄-koh lūn-tsin kóng, tshuì-lāi ê khang-tshuì siu-tshuì sok-tōo phīng sin-khu pa̍t-uī ê khang-tshuì ke tsiok kín, koh bē lâu khî, sī tsi̍t hāng hōo kho-ha̍k-kài tsiânn hònn-kî ê tāi-tsì.
是按怎空喙收喙了後定定會留疧 Sī-án-tsuánn khang-tshuì siu-tshuì liáu-āu tiānn-tiānn ē lâu-khî
咱的皮膚徛佇第一線咧保護咱的身體，若因為無張池去著傷，身體毋但著隨共伊止血，紲落來嘛著緊共破空補予好勢，若無，外口滿滿是的微生物恐驚會走入來作亂。著傷的所在好了後，常常攏會有無仝大細的疤痕也就是疧留落來，空喙若較輕閣有好好仔共伊照顧，留落來的疧就較細看較無，毋過受傷若較重閣無共伊洗清氣、消毒，致到感染發炎，抑是無細膩閣去共磕著，收喙了的疧定著會較顯目，萬不幸若發生佇喙䫌、頭額彼款予人看現現的部位，人就破相矣。到底疧這个組織是按怎造成的咧？若想欲好好仔共伊稽考，咱著先對空喙的收喙講起。
Lán ê phuê-hu khiā tī tē-it-suànn leh pó-hōo lán ê sin-thé, nā in-uī bô-tiunn-tî khì tio̍h-siong, sin-thé m̄-nā tio̍h suî kā-i tsí-hueh, suà––lo̍h-lâi mā tio̍h kín kā phuà-khang póo hōo hó-sè, nā-bô, guā-kháu muá-muá-sī ê bî-sing-bu̍t khióng-kiann ē tsáu-ji̍p-lâi tsok-luān. Tio̍h-siong ê sóo-tsāi hó liáu-āu, siông-siông lóng ē ū bô-kāng tuā-sè ê pa-hûn iā-tō-sī khî lâu––lo̍h-lâi, khang-tshuì nā khah khin koh ū hó-hó-á kā i tsiàu-kòo, lâu––lo̍h-lâi ê khî tō khah sè khuànn khah bô, m̄-koh siū-siong nā khah tāng koh bô kā i sé tshing-khì, siau-to̍k, tì-kàu kám-jiám huat-iām, a̍h-sī bô-sè-jī koh khì kā kha̍p-tio̍h, siu-tshuì liáu ê khî tiānn-tio̍h ē khah hiánn-ba̍k, bān-put-hīng nā huat-sing tī tshuì-phué, thâu-hia̍h hit-khuán hōo lâng khuànn-hiān-hiān ê pōo-uī，lâng tō phuà-siùnn––ah. Tàu-té khî tsit ê tsoo-tsit sī án-tsuánn tsō-tsiânn ê leh? Nā-siūnn beh hó-hó-á kā i khe-khó, lán tio̍h sing uì khang-tshuì ê siu-tshuì kóng––khí.
空喙的收喙有三个階段 Khang-tshuì ê siu-tshuì ū sann ê kai-tuānn
第一階段：發炎期 (Inflammation) Tē-it kai-tuānn: huat-iām-kî
空喙發生的頭四工是發炎期，這个時陣受傷的所在會發炎。因為皮膚若有破空，細菌佮其他的垃儳物就有可能入來侵門踏戶，所以佇空喙止血了後，由白血球𤆬領的免疫大軍嘛會趕來現場鬥跤手，毋但共走入來的微生物食食掉，嘛著共害去的細胞組織清清咧，予接紲落來的組織修復通較順序。發炎反應通常佇著傷了後的24至48點鐘達到盡磅，紲落來著會共壓落來，避免伊走傷雄煞傷著正常組織。免疫系統裡上𠢕吞食細菌的大型食菌細胞佇收喙扮演誠要緊的角色，這號大食菌細胞有兩型：M1佮M2。M1會分泌引起組織發炎的hoo-lú-bóng，主要佇炎症的頭幾工咧表現。M2的功能拄好佮M1顛倒反，伊會佇發炎尾期出現，任務是壓制發炎閣幫贊組織的復原。
Khang-tshuì huat-sing ê thâu-sì-kang sī huat-iām-kî, tsit ê sî-tsūn siū-siong ê sóo-tsāi ē huat-iām. In-uī phuê-hu nā ū phuà-khang, sè-khún kap kî-tha ê lâ-sâm-mi̍h tō ū khó-lîng ji̍p-lâi tshim-mn̂g-ta̍h-hōo, sóo-í tī khang-tshuì tsí-hueh liáu-āu, iû pe̍h-hueh-kiû tshuā-niá ê bián-i̍k-tāi-kun mā-ē kuánn-lâi hiān-tiûnn tàu-kha-tshiú, m̄-nā kā tsáu––ji̍p-lâi ê bî-sing-bu̍t tsia̍h-tsia̍h––tiāu, mā tio̍h kā hāi––khì ê sè-pau tsoo-tsit tshing-tshing––leh, hōo tsiap-suà––lo̍h-lâi ê tsoo-tsit siu-ho̍k thang khah sūn-sī. Huat-iām huán-ìng thong-siông tī tio̍h-siong liáu-āu ê 24 tsì 48 tiám-tsing ta̍t-kàu tsīn-pōng, suà––lo̍h-lâi tio̍h ē kā ah––lo̍h-lâi, pī-bián i tsáu-siunn-hiông suah siong tio̍h tsìng-siông-tsoo-tsit. Bián-i̍k-hē-thóng ni̍h siōng gâu thun-tsia̍h sè-khún ê tuā-tsia̍h-khún-sè-pau tī siu-tshuì pān-ián tsiânn iàu-kín ê kak-sik, tsit hō tuā-tsia̍h-khún-sè-pau ū nn̄g-hîng: M1 kap M2. M1 ē hun-pì ín-khí tsoo-tsit-huat-iām ê hoo-lú-bóng, tsú-iàu tī iām-tsìng ê thâu-kuí-kang leh piáu-hiān. M2 ê kong-lîng tú-hó kap M1 tian-tò-píng, i ē tī huat-iām bué-kî tshut-hiān, jīm-bū sī ap-tsè huat-iām koh pang-tsān tsoo-tsit ê ho̍k-guân.
第二階段：增生期 (Proliferation)Tē-jī kai-tuānn: tsing-sing-kî
共微生物佮垃儳物清好勢了後，就進入組織修復的增生期。這時陣幫贊組織復原的M2型大食菌細胞會分泌hoo-lú-bóng共負責起造結締組織的纖維母細胞箍倚來，順紲閣刺激毛細血管（微血管）的生成，打造出密密密的毛細血管網路，通共夠額的營養份佮酸素運來幫贊修補空喙。大量的大食菌細胞佮纖維母細胞踮毛細血管網路裡倚做伙，成做一粒一粒紅記記的肉芽組織，肉芽組織會對空喙下底漸漸大起來，直直到滇起來共破空補滿，予空喙看起來紅紅。
Kā bî-sing-bu̍t kap lâ-sâm-mi̍h tshing-hó-sè liáu-āu, tō tsìn-ji̍p tsoo-tsit siu-ho̍k ê tsing-sing-kî. Tsit sî-tsūn pang-tsān tsoo-tsit ho̍k-guân ê M2 hîng tuā-tsia̍h-khún sè-pau ē hun-pì hoo-lú-bóng kā hū-tsik khí-tsō kiat-tè-tsoo-tsit ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau khoo-uá––lâi, sūn-suà koh tshì-kik mn̂g-sè-hueh-kńg (bî-hueh-kńg) ê senn-sîng, tánn-tsō-tshut ba̍t-ba̍t-ba̍t ê mn̂g-sè-hueh-kńg bāng-lōo, thang kā kàu-gia̍h ê îng-ióng-hūn kap sàng-sooh ūn-lâi pang-tsān siu-póo khang-tshuì. Tuā-liōng ê tuā-tsia̍h-khún-sè-pau kap tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau tiàm mn̂g-sè-hueh-kńg bāng-lōo ni̍h uá-tsò-hué, tsiânn-tsò tsi̍t-lia̍p tsi̍t-lia̍p âng-kì-kì ê bah-gê-tsoo-tsit, bah-gê-tsoo-tsit ē tuì khang-tshuì ē-té tsiām-tsiām tuā––khí-lâi, ti̍t-ti̍t kàu tīnn––khí-lâi kā phuà-khang póo-muá, hōo khang-tshuì khuànn––khí-lâi âng-âng.
第三階段：重新塑造期 (Remodeling)Tē-sann kai-tuānn: Tiông-sin sok-tsō-kî
肉芽組織共空喙窒起來了後，組織會重塑造來強化伊的結構。因為這个由細胞佮毛細血管組起來的肉芽組織內面的結構櫳櫳無才調久長維持，伊的作用就袂輸咱起厝所搭的臨時鷹架，厝起好勢以後就會共伊拆除。肉芽組織予倚來修復空喙的纖維母細胞會當順伊的排列，接紲起造較勇閣較密的纖維結構。所致，原底由紅紅軟軟的肉芽組織充滿的空喙，會漸漸仔成做由纖維組成的疧。
Bah-gê-tsoo-tsit kā khang-tshuì that––khí-lâi liáu-āu, tsoo-tsit ē tîng sok-tsō lâi kiông-huà i ê kiat-kòo. In-uī tsit-ê iû sè-pau kap mn̂g-sè-hueh-kńg tsoo––khí-lâi ê bah-gê-tsoo-tsit lāi-bīn ê kiat-kòo lang-lang bô-tsâi-tiāu kú-tn̂g î-tshî, i ê tsok-iōng tō bē-su lán khí-tshù sóo tah ê lîm-sî ing-kè, tshù khí-hó-sè í-āu tō ē kā i thiah-tû. Bah-gê-tsoo-tsit hōo uá-lâi siu-ho̍k khang-tshuì ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau ē-tàng sūn i ê pâi-lia̍t, tsiap-suà khí-tsō khah-ióng koh khah-ba̍t ê tshiam-î kiat-kòo. Sóo-tì, guân-té iû âng-âng nńg-nńg ê bah-gê-tsoo-tsit tshiong-muá ê khang-tshuì, ē tsiām-tsiām-á tsiânn-tsò iû tshiam-î tsóo-sîng ê khî.
疧的利益佮欠點 Khî ê lī-ik kap khiàm-tiám
通常成年人皮膚的空喙若好了後攏會留無仝大細的疧。和伊四箍圍仔的正常組織相比，疧的外表看起來略仔較膨，伊的下底有厚厚的纖維支持。有科學家認為疧的生成是為著欲幫贊空喙較緊收喙，避免持續出血佮外界微生物的傷害，對咱的生存有大利益。不而過，為著欲較緊好，姑不將著犧牲一寡皮膚的功能。比論講佇結構上疧並正常皮膚較荏，雖罔伊的強度會綴時間沓沓仔加強，毋過上加嘛干焦達到原底組織的80%爾爾。閣有對咱生理功能誠要緊的汗腺、毛囊以及色素細胞，佇疧裡攏無，若是受傷的範圍較闊較深親像燒燙傷彼類的空喙，若放予伊家己收喙生疧，因為新生出來的組織欠汗腺通出汗排熱，後擺做運動抑是拄著熱人的時陣恐驚會著痧。所以針對燒燙傷的患者，醫療人員通常攏會予𪜶穿壓力衫，予𪜶收喙的時較袂生傷濟疧，盡量保留較濟皮膚原底正常的功能。
Thong-siông sîng-liân-lâng phuê-hu ê khang-tshuì nā hó liáu-āu lóng ē lâu bô-kāng tuā-sè ê khî. Hām i sì-khoo-uî-á ê tsìng-siông tsoo-tsit sio-pí, khî ê guā-piáu khuànn––khí-lâi lio̍h-á khah phòng, i ê ē-té ū kāu-kāu ê tshiam-î tsi-tshî. Ū kho-ha̍k-ka jīn-uî khî ê senn-sîng sī uī-tio̍h beh pang-tsān khang-tshuì khah-kín siu-tshuì, pī-bián tshî-sio̍k tshut-hueh kap guā-kài bî-sing-bu̍t ê siong-hāi, tuì lán ê sing-tsûn ū tuā lī-ik. Put-jî-kò, uī-tio̍h beh khah kín hó, koo-put-tsiong tio̍h hi-sing tsi̍t-kuá phuê-hu ê kong-lîng. Pí-lūn-kóng tī kiat-kòo-siōng khî phīng tsìng-siông phuê-hu khah lám, sui-bóng i ê kiông-tōo ē tuè-sî-kan ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ka-kiông, m̄-koh siōng-ke mā kan-na ta̍t-kàu guân-té tsoo-tsit ê 80 pha niā-niā. Koh ū tuì lán sing-lí-kong-lîng tsiânn-iàu-kín ê kuānn-suànn, mn̂g-lông í-ki̍p sik-sòo sè-pau, tī khî ni̍h lóng bô, nā-sī siū-siong ê huān-uî khah khuah khah tshim tshin-tshiūnn sio-thǹg-siong hit luī ê khang-tshuì, nā pàng hōo i ka-tī siu-tshuì senn-khî, in-uī sin senn––tshut-lâi ê tsoo-tsit khiàm kuānn-suànn pâi-jia̍t, āu-pái tsò ūn-tōng a̍h-sī tú-tio̍h jua̍h––lâng ê sî-tsūn khióng-kiann ē tio̍h-sua. Sóo-í tsiam-tuì sio-thǹg-siong ê huān-tsiá, i-liâu-jîn-uân thong-siông lóng ē hōo in tshīng ap-li̍k-sann, hōo in siu-tshuì ê sî khah bē senn siunn tsē khî, tsīn-liōng pó-liû khah-tsē phuê-hu guân-té ê kong-lîng.
為怎樣喙破收喙了袂留疧 Uī-tsuánn-iūnn tshuì phuà siu-tshuì liáu bē lâu khî
喙內的黏膜若有空喙，毋但收喙緊，閣袂留疧，會使講是咱身體再生的模範。是按怎獨獨伊有這款能力，別位的組織攏無咧？今年七月，一个美國加州的團隊佇《科學轉化醫學》期刊發表𪜶對這个趣味的現象的研究成果。𪜶比較實驗鳥鼠仔喙內的黏膜佮喙䫌的皮膚佇受傷了後的變化，發見喙內的空喙佇第四工就恢復甲好勢好勢，看起來就敢若無受傷的款。不而過，空喙若發生佇喙䫌，毋但著愛到第七工才會好，閣會留落歹看的疧。若斟酌觀察空喙內面的變化，𪜶發見佇喙內空喙的免疫細胞的量並喙䫌的空喙較少，而且多數的細胞是會壓制發炎幫贊組織再生的M2大食菌細胞，對破空的修補有大路用。相比起來，踮喙䫌的空喙毋但免疫細胞濟，閣滿滿是𠢕引起發炎的M1細胞，現現就是一个無適合組織復原的環境，後果免講嘛知。
Tshuì-lāi ê liâm-mo̍oh nā ū khang-tshuì, m̄-nā siu-tshuì kín, koh bē lâu-khî, ē-sái kóng sī lán sin-thé tsài-sing ê môo-huān. Sī-án-tsuánn to̍k-to̍k i ū tsit khuán lîng-li̍k, pa̍t-uī ê tsoo-tsit lóng bô––leh? Kin-nî tshit––gue̍h, tsi̍t-ê Bí-kok Ka-tsiu ê thuân-tuī tī “Kho-ha̍k tsuán-huà i-ha̍k” kî-khan huat-piáu in tuì tsit-ê tshù-bī ê hiān-siōng ê gián-kiù sîng-kó. In pí-kàu si̍t-giām niáu-tshí-á tshuì-lāi ê liâm-mo̍oh kap tshuì-phué ê phuê-hu tī siū-siong liáu-āu ê piàn-huà, huat-kiàn tshuì-lāi ê khang-tshuì tī tē-sì kang tō khue-ho̍k kah hó-sè-hó-sè, khuànn––khí-lâi tō kánn-ná bô-siū-siong ê khuán. Put-jî-kò, khang-tshuì nā huat-sing tī tshuì-phué, m̄-nā tio̍h-ài kàu tē-tshit-kang tsiah ē hó, koh ē lâu-lo̍h pháinn-khuànn ê khî. Nā tsim-tsiok kuan-tshat khang-tshuì lāi-bīn ê piàn-huà, in huat-kiàn tī tshuì-lāi khang-tshuì ê bián-i̍k sè-pau ê liōng phīng tshuì-phué ê khang-tshuì khah tsió, jî-tshiánn to-sòo ê sè-pau sī ē ap-tsè huat-iām pang-tsān tsoo-tsit tsài-sing ê M2 tuā-tsia̍h-khún sè-pau, tuì phuà-khang ê siu-póo ū tuā lōo-īng. Sio-pí––khí-lâi, tiàm tshuì-phué ê khang-tshuì m̄-nā bián-i̍k-sè-pau tsē, koh muá-muá sī gâu ín-khí huat-iām ê M1 sè-pau, hiān-hiān tō-sī tsi̍t-ê bô sik-ha̍p tsoo-tsit ho̍k-guân ê khuân-kíng, hiō-kó bián kóng mā tsai.
毋但免疫細胞的量佮種類有精差，連予伊箍倚來修補空喙的纖維母細胞的作用嘛無仝，喙內黏膜的纖維母細胞會幫贊收喙的時生出正常的組織，毋過佇喙䫌空喙的纖維母細胞煞會予收喙的所在纖維化，也就是生出由纖維構成的疧。斟酌共這兩所在的纖維母細胞做分析以後，發見𪜶雖罔平平攏是纖維母細胞，毋過基因的表現無相𫝛。喙黏膜的纖維母細胞會表現對組織再生有大利益的AXL基因，予受損害的組織通生轉來；喙䫌的空喙的纖維母細胞欠缺AXL，顛倒有表現誠濟𠢕引起組織纖維化的FAK基因，致到伊收喙是行生疧的歹路。
M̄-nā bián-i̍k-sè-pau ê liōng kap tsióng-luī ū tsing-tsha, liân hōo i khoo-uá lâi siu-póo khang-tshuì ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau ê tsok-iōng mā bô-kāng, tshuì-lāi liâm-mo̍oh ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau ē pang-tsān siu-tshuì ê sî senn-tshut tsìng-siông ê tsoo-tsit, m̄-koh tī tshuì-phué khang-tshuì ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau suah ē hōo siu-tshuì ê sóo-tsāi tshiam-î-huà, iā-tō-sī senn-tshut iû tshiam-î kòo-sîng ê khî. Tsim-tsiok kā tsit nn̄g sóo-tsāi ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau tsò hun-sik í-āu, huat-kiàn in sui-bóng pênn-pênn lóng sī tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau, m̄-koh ki-in ê piáu-hiān bô sio-siāng. Tshuì liâm-mo̍oh ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau ē piáu-hiān tuì tsoo-tsit tsài-sing ū tuā lī-ik ê AXL ki-in, hōo siū sńg-hāi ê tsoo-tsit thang senn––tńg-lâi；tshuì-phué khang tshuì ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau khiàm-khuat AXL, tian-tó ū piáu-hiān tsiânn tsē gâu ín-khí tsoo-tsit tshiam-î-huà ê FAK ki-in, tì-kàu i siu-tshuì sī kiânn senn khî ê pháinn-lōo.
設使這个AXL基因表現量的懸低會決定收喙是行組織重生抑是纖維化的路，咱敢是會當搝懸細胞內原底表現無夠額的AXL基因，來幫贊組織重生咧？這个團隊發見若予喙䫌的纖維母細胞表現較濟AXL基因，有影會使幫贊空喙較快好閣生出有正常功能的組織。反倒轉來，若準共喙內黏膜的纖維母細胞的AXL表現硩落來，會致使空喙收喙了生出纖維化的疧。相𫝛的實驗結果嘛佇病人的身軀頂看著，予濟濟科學家認為𪜶的研究成果毋但幫贊再生醫學爾爾，對現此時當時行的醫美產業嘛會帶來不止仔大的利益。
Siat-sú tsit-ê AXL ki-in piáu-hiān-liōng ê kuân-kē ē kuat-tīng siu-tshuì sī kiânn tsoo-tsit tiông-sing a̍h-sī tshiam-î-huà ê lōo, lán kám-sī ē-tàng giú-kuân sè-pau lāi guân-té piáu-hiān bô kàu gia̍h ê AXL ki-in, lâi pang-tsān tsoo-tsit tiông-sing leh? Tsit-ê thuân-tuī huat-kiàn nā hōo tshuì-phué ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau piáu-hiān khah tsē AXL ki-in, ū-iánn ē-sái pang-tsān khang-tshuì khah khuài hó koh senn-tshut ū tsìng-siông kong-lîng ê tsoo-tsit. Huán-tò-tńg––lâi, nā-tsún kā tshuì-lāi liâm-mo̍oh ê tshiam-î-bó-sè-pau ê AXL ki-in piáu-hiàn teh––lo̍h-lâi, ē tì-sú khang-tshuì siu-tshuì liáu senn-tshut tshiam-î-huà ê khî. Sio-siāng ê si̍t-giām kiat-kó mā tī pēnn-lâng ê sin-khu-tíng khuànn––tio̍h, hōo tsē-tsē kho-ha̍k-ka jīn-uî in ê gián-kiù sîng-kó m̄-nā pang-tsān tsài-sing i-ha̍k niā-niā, tuì hiān-tshú-sî tng sî-kiânn ê i-bí-sán-gia̍p mā ē tuà-lâi put-tsí-á tuā ê lī-ik.
參考資料 Tsham-khó tsu-liāu
Griffin MF, Cook J, Morgan A, Boffelli D, Downer M, Spielman AF, Guardino NJ, Guo JL, Parker JBL, Januszyk M, Valencia C, Kuhnert M, Lu J, Zwick R, Wan DC, Klein OD, Longaker MT. Growth arrest specific-6 and angiotoxin receptor-like signaling drive oral regenerative wound repair. Sci Transl Med. 2025 Jul 2;17(805):eadk2101.