囡仔是母親所生，老母懷胎的時陣的生活會大大影響著腹內囡仔的發育。所擺醫生攏會提醒有身的查某人毋通啉酒佮食薰，因為酒精和nicotine會造成生出來的囡仔出現體重無夠、身心發展慢鈍等等的後果。有研究嘛顯示：老母若是傷大箍，𪜶生出來的囡仔未來會大箍、抑是著糖尿病、心臟病以及中風的機率會比正常體重查某人生出來的囝兒加較懸。按呢有人會問：查埔人敢是就較毋免煩惱，會使做任何予家己感覺爽快的代誌咧？

Gín-á sī bú-tshin sóo senn, lāu-bú huâi-thai ê sî-tsūn ê sing-ua̍h ē tuā-tuā íng-hióng tio̍h pak-lāi gín-á ê huat-io̍k. Sóo-pái i-sing lóng ē thê-tshénn ū-sin ê tsa-bóo-lâng m̄-thang lim-tsiú kap tsia̍h-hun, in-uī tsiú-tsing hām nicotine ē tsō-sîng senn––tshut-lâi ê gín-á tshut-hiān thé-tāng bô kàu, sin-sim huat-tián bān-tūn tíng-tíng ê hiō-kó. Ū gián-kiù mā hián-sī: lāu-bú nā siunn tuā-khoo, in senn––tshut-lâi ê gín-á bī-lâi ē tuā-khoo, a̍h-sī tio̍h thn̂g-jiō-pēnn, sim-tsōng-pēnn, í-ki̍p tiòng-hong ê ki-lu̍t ē pí tsìng-siông thé-tāng tsa-bóo-lâng senn––tshut-lâi ê kiánn-jî ke khah kuân. Án-neh ū lâng ē mn̄g: tsa-poo-lâng kám sī tō khah m̄-bián huân-ló, ē-sái tsò jīm-hô hōo ka-tī kám-kak sóng-khuài ê tāi-tsì––leh?

查埔人有健康的生活，對囡仔的發育是不止要緊 tsa-poo-lâng ū kiān-khong ê sing-ua̍h, tuì gín-á ê huat-io̍k sī put-tsí iàu-kín

愈來愈濟的科學研究顯示：查埔人若有健康的生活，親像較捷運動、保持健康體重、避免啉酒食薰等等歹習慣，對囡仔的發育是有大利益。根據流行病學的調查：爸母若大箍，𪜶的囡仔未來大箍或者是著和大箍相關的病症的機會嘛會較懸。動物實驗也顯示鳥鼠爸母的食食習慣會影響鳥鼠仔囝的整體新陳代謝能力 (也就是所謂的「代謝性狀metabolic phenotype」)，親像血糖控制能力佮血路中胰島素的濃度等。鳥鼠仔囝佇鳥鼠母腹內生長大漢，自然會受老母直接影響，毋過是按怎老爸的生活方式也會影響著伊咧？

Lú lâi lú tsē ê kho-ha̍k gián-kiù hián-sī: tsa-poo-lâng nā ū kiān-khong ê sing-ua̍h, tshin-tshiūnn khah tsia̍p ūn-tōng, pó-tshî kiān-khong thé-tāng, pī-bián lim-tsiú tsia̍h-hun tíng-tíng pháinn si̍p-kuàn, tuì gín-á ê huat-io̍k sī ū tuā lī-ik. Kin-kì liû-hîng-pēnn-ha̍k ê tiâu-tsa: pē-bú nā tuā-khoo, in ê gín-á bī-lâi tuā-khoo hi̍k-tsiá sī tio̍h hām tuā-khoo siong-kuan ê pēnn-tsìng ê ki-huē mā ē khah kuân. Tōng-bu̍t si̍t-giām iā hián-sī niáu-tshí pē-bú ê tsia̍h-si̍t si̍p-kuàn ē íng-hióng niáu-tshí-á kiánn ê tsíng-thé sin-tîn-tāi-siā lîng-li̍k (iā tiō sī sóo-uī ê “tāi-siā-sìng-tsōng, metabolic phenotype”), tshin-tshiūnn hueh-thn̂g khòng-tsè lîng-li̍k kap hueh-lōo tiong î-tó-sòo ê lông-tōo tíng. Niáu-tshí-á kiánn tī niáu-tshí bó pak-lāi sing-tióng tuā-hàn, tsū-jiân ē siū lāu-bú ti̍t-tsiap íng-hióng, m̄-koh sī-án-tsuánn lāu-pē ê sing-ua̍h-hong-sik iā ē íng-hióng tio̍h i––leh?

表觀遺傳學 (epigenetics) Piáu-kuan-uî-tuân-ha̍k (epigenetics)

人和其他動物生做無仝款主要是基因造成的，毋過人佮人之間濟濟無仝的特徵其實和咱基因本身的DNA序列並無底代，因為大部份基因的DNA序列佇人佮人之間攏相仝。予每一个人有獨一無二的特徵的因端，主要是源自基因表現程度的無仝。譬論講雙生仔雖罔有仝款的基因體 (genome)，毋過因為食食、生活方式和環境的差別，予𪜶的基因表現出現精差，紲落去就發展出無仝的特徵(身材、個性以及健康等等)。科學界共研究這種因為種種外來因素改變細胞內基因表現，致使個體特徵出現差異的科學號做「表觀遺傳學 (epigenetics)」。也就是講：每一个人的細胞內獨一無二的「表觀基因體 (epigenome)」(基因表現差異)予人人具備佮別人無仝的特徵。雖罔大多數的表觀基因攏是出世了後透過和環境交互作用才沓沓仔產生，不而過嘛是有不止仔濟的表觀基因會對爸母迒世代遺傳予下一代 (epigenetic inheritance)。

Lâng hām kî-tha tōng-bu̍t senn-tsò bô-kāng-khuán tsú-iàu sī ki-in tsō-sîng––ê, m̄-koh lâng kap lâng tsi-kan tsē-tsē bô-kāng ê ti̍k-ting kî-si̍t hām lán ki-in pún-sin ê DNA sū-lia̍t pīng bô tī-tāi, in-uī tuā-pōo-hūn ki-in ê DNA sū-lia̍t tī lâng kap lâng tsi-kan lóng sio-kāng. Hōo muí tsi̍t ê lâng ū to̍k-it-bû-jī ê ti̍k-ting ê in-tuann, tsú-iàu sī guân-tsū ki-in piáu-hiān thîng-tōo ê bô-kâng. Phì-lūn kóng siang-senn-á sui-bóng ū kāng-khuán ê ki-in-thé (genome), m̄-koh in-uī tsia̍h-si̍t, sing-ua̍h-hong-sik, hām khuân-kíng ê tsha-pia̍t, hōo in ê ki-in piáu-hiān tshut-hiān tsing-tsha, suà––lo̍h-khì tō huat-tián tshut bô-kāng ê ti̍k-ting (sin-tsâi, kò-sìng, í-ki̍p kiān-khong tíng-tíng). Kho-ha̍k-kài kā gián-kiù tsit-tsióng in-uī tsióng-tsióng guā-lâi in-sòo kái-piàn sè-pau lāi ki-in piáu-hiān, tì-sú kò-thé ti̍k-ting tshut-hiān tsha-ī ê kho-ha̍k hō-tsò “piáu-kuan-uî-tuân-ha̍k (epigenetics)”. Iā-tiō-sī kóng: muí tsi̍t ê lâng ê sè-pau lāi to̍k-it-bû-jī ê “piáu-kuan-ki-in-thé (epigenome)” (ki-in piáu-hiān tsha-ī) hōo lâng-lâng kū-pī kap pa̍t-lâng bô-kāng ê ti̍k-ting. Sui-bóng tuā-to-sòo ê piáu-kuan-ki-in lóng sī tshut-sì liáu-āu thàu-kuè hām khuân-kíng kau-hōo-tsok-iōng tsiah ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á sán-sing, put-jî-kò mā sī ū put-tsí-á tsē ê piáu-kuan-ki-in ē uì pē-bú hānn sè-tāi uî-thuân hōo ē-tsi̍t-tāi (epigenetic inheritance).

老爸若食好物閣骨力運動，恁未來的囡仔會較健康 Lāu-pē nā tsia̍h hó mi̍h koh kut-la̍t ūn-tōng, lín bī-lâi ê gín-á ē khah kiān-khong

科學家已經佇動物實驗––ni̍h發見著鳥鼠仔的代謝性狀有迒世代遺傳的現象。一个北歐的研究團隊佇2015年發表論文表示，𪜶予公的鳥鼠仔逐工食油脂成份懸的食物，發見紲落去𪜶兩世代的鳥鼠仔囝攏出現代謝的問題。美國Ohio State University 的Kristin Stanford領導的研究團隊閣進一步發表上新的研究結果：時常運動的鳥鼠仔公，會予鳥鼠仔母生出較健康的鳥鼠仔囝。Stanford表示講：遮的鳥鼠仔囝對血糖濃度變化的靈敏反應和血路中較低的胰島素濃度，顯示𪜶遺傳著𪜶老爸健康的代謝功能，而且運動帶來的這个效益閣會使補救老爸歹食食所造成的負作用。

Kho-ha̍k-ka í-king tī tōng-bu̍t si̍t-giām––ni̍h huat-kiàn tio̍h niáu-tshí-á ê tāi-siā-sìng-tsōng ū hānn sè-tāi uî-thuân ê hiān-siōng. Tsi̍t ê Pak-au ê gián-kiù-thuân-tuī tī 2015 nî huat-piáu lūn-bûn piáu-sī, in hōo kang––ê niáu-tshí-á ta̍k-kang tsia̍h iû-tsi sîng-hūn kuân ê tsia̍h-mi̍h, huat-kiàn suà––lo̍h-khì in nn̄g sè-tāi ê niáu-tshí-á kiánn lóng tshut-hiān tāi-siā ê būn-tê. Bí-kok Ohio State University ê Kristin Stanford líng-tō ê gián-kiù-thuân-tuī koh tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo huat-piáu siōng sin ê gián-kiù kiat-kó: sî-siông ūn-tōng ê niáu-tshí-á kang, ē hōo niáu-tshí-á bó senn tshut khah kiān-khong ê niáu-tshí-á kiánn. Stanford piáu-sī kóng: tsia-ê niáu-tshí-á kiánn tuì hueh-thn̂g lông-tōo piàn-huà ê lîng-bín huán-ìng hām hueh-lōo-tiong khah kē ê î-tó-sòo lông-tōo, hián-sī in uî-thuân tio̍h in lāu-pē kiān-khong ê tāi-siā kong-lîng, jî-tshiánn ūn-tōng tuà-lâi ê tsit ê hāu-ik koh ē-sái póo-kiù lāu-pē pháinn tsia̍h-si̍t sóo tsō-sîng ê hū-tsok-iōng.

Stanford和伊的同事觀察著有咧運動的鳥鼠的精子細胞有濟濟專門控制基因表現的小段RNA (small RNA)，𪜶推測遮的small RNA遺傳予下一代會使予𪜶有健康的新陳代謝，也就是講予𪜶的鳥鼠仔囝遺傳著好的代謝能力。毋過到底small RNA是按怎共好的代謝性狀遺傳予鳥鼠仔囝，猶閣需要進一步的研究來探討。

Stanford hām i ê tông-sū kuan-tshat tio̍h ū teh ūn-tōng ê niáu-tshí ê tsing-tsú-sè-pau ū tsē-tsē tsuan-bûn khòng-tsè ki-in piáu-hiān ê “sió-tuānn RNA (small RNA)”, in thui-tshik tsia-ê small RNA uî-thuân hōo ē-tsi̍t-tāi ē-sái hōo in ū kiān-khong ê sin-tîn-tāi-siā, iā tiō sī kóng hōo in ê niáu-tshí-á kiánn uî-thuân tio̍h hó ê tāi-siā-lîng-li̍k. M̄-koh tàu-té small RNA sī án-tsuánn kā hó ê tāi-siā-sìng-tsōng uî-thuân hōo niáu-tshí-á kiánn, iáu-koh su-iàu tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo ê gián-kiù lâi thàm-thó.

老爸若愛噗薰，可能會影響著未來囡仔的心智發展 Lāu-pē nā ài pok-hun, khó-lîng ē íng-hióng tio̍h bī-lâi gín-á ê sim-tì huat-tián

若講著食薰，相信無人會否認伊對咱健康的危害，尤其是有身的婦人人的確著愛避免。毋過若是查埔人定食薰，對𪜶未來的囡仔敢會有影響？美國Florida State University 的Pradeep Bhide提供這个問題的答案。Bhide予鳥鼠公逐工啉摻nicotine的水，12禮拜了後予𪜶佮鳥鼠母拍種，伊發見𪜶所生出來的鳥鼠仔囝有過度活跳、無法度專心閣有學習障礙的問題，症狀類似人的注意力不足過動症 (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) 佮自閉症 (autism spectrum disorders)。

Nā kóng tio̍h tsia̍h-hun, siong-sìn bô lâng ē hónn-jīn i tuì lán kiān-khong ê guî-hāi, iû-kî sī ū-sin ê hū-jîn-lâng tik-khak tio̍h ài pī-bián. M̄-koh nā-sī tsa-poo-lâng tiānn tsia̍h-hun, tuì in bī-lâi ê gín-á kám ē ū íng-hióng? Bí-kok Florida State University ê Pradeep Bhide thê-kiong tsit ê būn-tê ê tap-àn. Bhide hōo niáu-tshí-kang ta̍k-kang lim tsham nicotine ê tsuí, 12 lé-pài liáu-āu hōo in kap niáu-tshí-bó phah-tsíng, i huat-kiàn in sóo senn––tshut-lâi ê niáu-tshí-á kiánn ū kuè-tōo ua̍h-thiàu, bô-huat-tōo tsuan-sim koh ū ha̍k-si̍p tsiòng-gāi ê būn-tê, tsìng-tsōng luī-sū lâng ê “tsù-ì-li̍k put-tsiok kuè-tōng-tsìng (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)” kap “tsū-pì-tsìng (autism spectrum disorders)”.

斟酌觀察遮的鳥鼠仔囝和其他正常鳥鼠仔囝的腦組織，Bhide發見來自啉nicotine水老爸的鳥鼠仔的兩種和腦神經發育有關的神經傳導物質dopamine和noradrenaline以及𪜶的受體的表現受壓制，妨害著𪜶腦部的發育。若閣進一步分析啉nicotine水的鳥鼠仔老爸的精子細胞，Bhide發見著精子細胞內調控dopamine受體表現的DNA出現明顯的表觀遺傳修改(epigenetic modification)的現象，造成dopamine受體的表現受阻礙，清楚證明表觀遺傳迒世代傳播的現象。

Tsim-tsiok kuan-tshat tsia-ê niáu-tshí-á kiánn hām kî-tha tsìng-siông niáu-tshí-á kiánn ê náu-tsoo-tsit, Bhide huat-kiàn lâi-tsū lim nicotine tsuí lāu-pē ê niáu-tshí-á ê nn̄g-tsióng hām náu-sîn-king huat-io̍k iú-kuan ê “sîn-king thuân-tō bu̍t-tsit”, dopamine hām noradrenaline í-ki̍p in ê siū-thé ê piáu-hiān siū ap-tsè, hông-hāi tio̍h in náu-pōo ê huat-io̍k. Nā koh tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo hun-sik lim nicotine tsuí ê niáu-tshí-á lāu-pē ê tsing-tsú-sè-pau, Bhide huat-kiàn tio̍h tsing-tsú-sè-pau lāi tiâu-khòng dopamine siū-thé piáu-hiān ê DNA tshut-hiān bîng-hián ê “piáu-kuan uî-thuân siu-kái (epigenetic modification)” ê hiān-siōng, tsō-sîng dopamine siū-thé ê piáu-hiān siū tsóo-gāi, tshing-tshó tsìng-bîng piáu-kuan uî-thuân hānn sè-tāi thuân-pòo ê hiān-siōng.

先人做業、後人承擔 Sian-jîn tsò-gia̍p, hiō-jîn sîng-tam

頂面的研究共咱逐家提醒講：今仔日的歹習慣可能會予咱的後代有歹日子過。雖罔大多數的實驗攏是佇鳥鼠仔身軀頂所做，無人會使掛保證佇咱人身軀頂嘛會有仝款的結果。毋過，遮的動物實驗結果嘛是有伊不止仔大的參考價值，真值得咱逐家共嚴肅看待。

Tíng-bīn ê gián-kiù kā lán ta̍k-ke thê-tshénn kóng: kin-á-ji̍t ê pháinn-si̍p-kuàn khó-lîng ē hōo lán ê āu-tāi ū pháinn-ji̍t-tsí kuè. Sui-bóng tuā-to-sòo ê si̍t-giām lóng sī tī niáu-tshí-á sin-khu-tíng sóo tsò, bô lâng ē-sái kuà-pó-tsìng tī lán lâng sin-khu-tíng mā ē ū kāng-khuán ê kiat-kó. M̄-koh, tsia-ê tōng-bu̍t si̍t-giām kiat-kó mā sī ū i put-tsí-á tuā ê tsham-khó kè-ta̍t, tsin ta̍t-ti̍t lán ta̍k-ke kā giâm-siok khuànn-thāi.