全文朗讀 Tsuân-bûn lóng-tho̍k
癌症已經連紲幾若年排台灣人十大死因的頭名，佇其他的國家裡，伊定定嘛是主要的健康威脅。毋知敢有人注意著一件真怪奇的代誌，就是毋管佇台灣抑是外國，查埔人普遍比查某人較𠢕著各種的癌症（當然除了奶癌、子宮喙癌以外）。而且查埔人佇著癌以後，病情惡化的速度嘛較緊、較僫得治療。真四常聽著人按呢解讀：查埔人愛啉酒、食薰、哺檳榔、閣較頇顢保養身體，所致予家己𠢕著癌。毋過，就準講共後天的生活習慣因素排除，查埔人仝款會比查某人較𠢕受癌症的苦毒。是按怎查埔人天生會遮歹命咧？
Gâm-tsìng í-king liân-suà kuí-nā nî pâi Tâi-uân-lâng tsa̍p-tuā-sí-in ê thâu-miâ, tī kî-tha ê kok-ka––ni̍h, i tiānn-tiānn mā-sī tsú-iàu ê kiān-khong ui-hia̍p. M̄-tsai kám ū lâng tsù-ì-tio̍h tsi̍t-kiānn tsin kuài-kî ê tāi-tsì, tō-sī m̄-kuán tī Tâi-uân a̍h-sī guā-kok, tsa-poo-lâng phóo-phiàn pí tsa-bóo-lâng khah gâu tio̍h kok-tsióng ê gâm-tsìng (tong-jiân tû-liáu ling-gâm, tsú-kiong-tshuì-gâm í-guā). Jî-tshiánn tsa-poo-lâng tī tio̍h-gâm í-āu, pēnn-tsîng ok-huà ê sok-tōo mā khah kín, khah oh-tit tī-liâu. Tsin sù-siông thiann tio̍h lâng án-ne kái-tho̍k: tsa-poo-lâng ài lim-tsiú, tsia̍h-hun, pōo-pin-nn̂g, koh khah hân-bān pó-ióng sin-thé, sóo-tì hōo ka-tī gâu tio̍h-gâm. M̄-koh, tō tsún-kóng kā hiō-thian ê sing-ua̍h-si̍p-kuàn in-sòo pâi-tû, tsa-poo-lâng kāng-khuán ē pí tsa-bóo-lâng khah gâu siū gâm-tsìng ê khóo-to̍k. Sī-án-tsuánn tsa-poo-lâng thian-sing ē tsiah pháinn-miā––leh?
男女著病的機率無相仝 Lâm-lú tio̍h-pēnn ê ki-lu̍t bô sio-kāng
有濟濟科學家推論講，男女性體內無仝款的性hoo-lú-bóng (hormone)，無的確是背後的一个大因端。
Ū tsē-tsē kho-ha̍k-ka thui-lūn kóng, lâm-lú-sìng thé-lāi bô-kāng-khuán ê sìng hoo-lú-bóng (hormone), bô tik-khak sī puē-āu ê tsi̍t-ê tuā in-tuann.
因為性hoo-lú-bóng的分泌確實予濟濟病症，比論講心血管、自體免疫、痚呴(he-ku)等等，𪜶的發生率有男女之間的差別，予人會憢疑凡勢就是hoo-lú-bóng造成男女著癌率的懸低。不而過，美國學者Joshua B. Rubin認為代誌無遮爾仔單純，因為體內hoo-lú-bóng的濃度會綴人的年歲變化，所以源自hoo-lú-bóng的作用予著病的機率出現差異的現象，佇無仝年歲的男性和女性之間通常有精差。以婦人人來講，佇生育期的時陣著自體免疫病的機會會較懸，更年期的女性通常較有心血管的問題。
In-uī sìng hoo-lú-bóng ê hun-pì khak-si̍t hōo tsē-tsē pēnn-tsìng, pí-lūn kóng sim-hueh-kńg, tsū-thé-bián-i̍k, he-ku tíng-tíng, in ê huat-sing-lu̍t ū lâm-lú tsi-kan ê tsha-pia̍t, hōo lâng ē giâu-gî huān-sè tō-sī hoo-lú-bóng tsō-sîng lâm-lú tio̍h-gâm-lu̍t ê kuân-kē. Put-jî-kò, Bí-kok ha̍k-tsiá Joshua B. Rubin jīn-uî tāi-tsì bô tsiah-nī-á tan-sûn, in-uī thé-lāi hoo-lú-bóng ê lông-tōo ē tuè lâng ê nî-huè piàn-huà, sóo-í guân-tsū hoo-lú-bóng ê tsok-iōng hōo tio̍h-pēnn ê ki-lu̍t tshut-hiān tsha-ī ê hiān-siōng, tī bô-kāng nî-huè ê lâm-sìng hām lú-sìng tsi-kan thong-siông ū tsing-tsha. Í hū-jîn-lâng lâi kóng, tī sing-io̍k-kî ê sî-tsūn tio̍h tsū-thé-bián-i̍k pēnn ê ki-huē ē khah khuân, king-liân-kî ê lú-sìng thong-siông khah ū sim-hueh-kńg ê būn-tê.
毋過，誠濟癌症，可比講腦癌，毋管年歲大細，查埔人著的機率通常比查某人較懸，甚至有幾若類的腦癌，佇無到五歲的查埔囡仔的發生率，比查某囡仔加強欲一倍遐濟。因為細漢囡仔體內的內分泌無親像青春期的少年人抑是成年大人，有無仝性hoo-lú-bóng的分泌，所擺造成男女著癌機率的差異，應該和hoo-lú-bóng無底代。
M̄-koh, tsiânn-tsē gâm-tsìng, khó-pí kóng náu-gâm, m̄-kuán nî-huè tuā-sè, tsa-poo-lâng tio̍h ê ki-lu̍t thong-siông pí tsa-bóo-lâng khah kuân, sīm-tsì ū kuí-nā luī ê náu-gâm, tī bô-kàu gōo-huè ê tsa-poo-gín-á ê huat-sing-lu̍t, pí tsa-bóo-gín-á ke kiōng-beh tsi̍t-puē hiah tsē. In-uī sè-hàn gín-á thé-lāi ê lāi-hun-pì bô tshin-tshiūnn tshing-tshun-kî ê siàu-liân-lâng a̍h-sī sîng-liân-tuā-lâng, ū bô-kāng sìng hoo-lú-bóng ê hun-pì, sóo-pái tsō-sîng lâm-lú tio̍h-gâm ki-lu̍t ê tsha-ī, ing-kai hām hoo-lú-bóng bô-tī-tāi.
來自男性的癌細胞較歹 Lâi-tsū lâm-sìng ê gâm-sè-pau khah pháinn
Rubin憢疑查埔人和查某人的細胞，𪜶本身佇癌化的傾向佮紲落去踮體內湠開的速度無相當，致使男女有無仝款的著癌率和治療的成功率。為著欲透底來了解這个秘密，Rubin佇實驗室對鳥鼠仔公和鳥鼠仔母的腦部，分離出所謂的星狀細胞 (astrocyte)，因為腦腫瘤常常是源自癌化的星狀細胞，透過分析無仝性別來源的星狀細胞，Rubin向望會當揣著問題的答案。
Rubin giâu-gî tsa-poo-lâng hām tsa-bóo-lâng ê sè-pau, in pún-sin tī gâm-huà ê khing-hiòng kap suà––lo̍h-khì tiàm thé-lāi thuànn-khui ê sok-tōo bô-siong-tong, tì-sú lâm-lú ū bô-kāng-khuán ê tio̍h-gâm-lu̍t hām tī-liâu ê sîng-kong-lu̍t. Uī-tio̍h beh thàu-té lâi liáu-kái tsit-ê pì-bi̍t, Rubin tī si̍t-giām-sik tuì niáu-tshí-á kang hām niáu-tshí-á bó ê náu-pōo, hun-lî tshut sóo-uī ê sing-tsōng-sè-pau (astrocyte), in-uī náu-tsíng-liû siông-siông sī guân-tsū gâm-huà ê sing-tsōng-sè-pau, thàu-kuè hun-sik bô-kāng sìng-pia̍t lâi-guân ê sing-tsōng-sè-pau, Rubin ǹg-bāng ē-tàng tshuē-tio̍h būn-tê ê tap-àn.
Rubin佇培養盤裡觀察著鳥鼠仔公的細胞較𠢕予人利用生物科技的法度，可比講人工誘發基因突變，共轉形(transform)做癌細胞。若共遮的轉形成功的癌細胞注射入去健康的鳥鼠仔體內，伊發見來自鳥鼠仔公的癌細胞較歹，較𠢕佇無論是公的抑是母的新鳥鼠仔宿主體內生湠，而且生湠的速度佇無仝性別的宿主之間無精差，暗示講鳥鼠仔公和鳥鼠仔母體內的hoo-lú-bóng環境並毋是影響癌症發展的大因素，主要是和細胞的本質有關，來自鳥鼠仔公的癌細胞本身就較歹，較僫得對付。
Rubin tī puê-ióng-puânn––ni̍h kuan-tshat tio̍h niáu-tshí-á kang ê sè-pau khah gâu hōo lâng lī-iōng sing-bu̍t-kho-ki ê huat-tōo, khó-pí kóng jîn-kang-iú-huat ki-in tu̍t-piàn, kā tsuán-hîng (transform) tsò gâm-sè-pau. Nā kā tsia-ê tsuán-hîng sîng-kong ê gâm-sè-pau tsù-siā ji̍p khì kiān-khong ê niáu-tshí-á thé-lāi, i huat-kiàn lâi-tsū niáu-tshí-á kang ê gâm-sè-pau khah pháinn, khah gâu tī bô-lūn sī kang ê a̍h-sī bó ê sin niáu-tshí-á siok-tsú thé-lāi senn-thuànn, jî-tshiánn senn-thuànn ê sok-tōo tī bô-kāng sìng-pia̍t ê siok-tsú tsi-kan bô tsing-tsha, àm-sī kóng niáu-tshí-á kang hām niáu-tshí-á bó thé-lāi ê hoo-lú-bóng khuân-kíng pīng m̄-sī íng-hióng gâm-tsìng huat-tián ê tuā in-sòo, tsú-iàu sī hām sè-pau ê pún-tsit iú-kuan, lâi-tsū niáu-tshí-á kang ê gâm-sè-pau pún-sin tō khah pháinn, khah oh-tit tuì-hù.
Rubin 的動物實驗結果顯示，來自鳥鼠仔公和鳥鼠仔母的細胞本質上就無仝款，這凡勢是造成查埔人較定著癌的因端。毋過，為怎樣查埔人的細胞會遮狡怪，遮𠢕癌化咧？
Rubin ê tōng-bu̍t-si̍t-giām kiat-kó hián-sī, lâi-tsū niáu-tshí-á kang hām niáu-tshí-á bó ê sè-pau pún-tsit siōng tō bô-kāng-khuán, tse huān-sè sī tsō-sîng tsa-poo-lâng khah tiānn tio̍h-gâm ê in-tuann. M̄-koh, uī-tsuánn-iūnn tsa-poo-lâng ê sè-pau ē tsiah káu-kuài, tsiah gâu gâm-huà––leh?
無仝性染色體造成細胞癌化率的精差 Bô-kāng sìng-ní-sik-thé tsō-sîng sè-pau gâm-huà-lu̍t ê tsing-tsha
佇2017年，一个美國哈佛大學佮MIT的學者組成的研究團隊，佇《自然-遺傳學》期刊發表𪜶研究男女著癌率精差的論文，𪜶發見原因真有可能是和性染色體有關。
Tī 2017 nî, tsi̍t-ê Bí-kok Ha-hu̍t tāi-ha̍k kap MIT ê ha̍k-tsiá tsóo-sîng ê gián-kiù-thuân-tuī, tī “Tsū-jiân—uî-tuân-ha̍k” kî-khan huat-piáu in gián-kiù lâm-lú tio̍h-gâm-lu̍t tsing-tsha ê lūn-bûn, in huat-kiàn guân-in tsin ū khó-lîng sī hām sìng-ní-sik-thé iú-kuan.
人類攏總有23對染色體，其中包括22對無分性別的體染色體，以及第23對決定性別的性染色體。查埔人的性染色體是XY，查某人是XX。X染色體比Y染色體較長，有貯較濟維持細胞功能的要緊基因。所擺理論上女性會比男性加一套基因，會表現出雙倍的基因產物，為著無愛予查某人的細胞的基因表現傷懸，佇胚胎發育的時陣，逐个細胞會予其中一條X染色體失去活性(X-inactivation)，也就是予踮伊內底的基因袂表現，終其尾予查埔人和查某人攏干焦有一條有功能的X染色體，予𪜶有相當的基因表現量。
Jîn-luī lóng-tsóng ū 23 tuì ní-sik-thé, kî-tiong pau-kuat 22 tuì bô hun sìng-pia̍t ê thé-ní-sik-thé, í-ki̍p tē 23 tuì kuat-tīng sìng-pia̍t ê sìng-ní-sik-thé. Tsa-poo-lâng ê sìng-ní-sik-thé sī XY, tsa-bóo-lâng sī XX. X ní-sik-thé pí Y ní-sik-thé khah tn̂g, ū té khah tsē uî-tshî sè-pau-kong-lîng ê iàu-kín ki-in. Sóo-pái lí-lūn-siōng lú-sìng ē pí lâm-sìng ke tsi̍t thò ki-in, ē piáu-hiān tshut siang-puē ê ki-in sán-bu̍t, uī-tio̍h bô-ài hōo tsa-bóo-lâng ê sè-pau ê ki-in piáu-hiān siunn-kuân, tī phue-thai huat-io̍k ê sî-tsūn, ta̍k-ê sè-pau ē hōo kî-tiong tsi̍t-tiâu X ní-sik-thé sit-khì ua̍h-sìng (X-inactivation), iā-tō-sī hōo tiàm i lāi-té ê ki-in bē piáu-hiān, tsiong-kî-bué hōo tsa-poo-lâng hām tsa-bóo-lâng lóng kan-na ū tsi̍t tiâu ū kong-lîng ê X ní-sik-thé, hōo in ū siong-tong ê ki-in piáu-hiān-liōng.
不而過，這个由哈佛佮MIT學者組成的團隊，發見有濟濟踮X染色體的腫瘤抑制基因和別个基因無仝款，𪜶袂因為X染色體失去活性就無表現，也就是講女性的細胞天生就有兩套有功能的腫瘤抑制基因咧表現，毋但加強查某人的抗癌力，嘛會當做另外彼條基因發生突變的時陣的ióo-pì (備份)。
Put-jî-kò, tsit-ê iû Ha-hu̍t kap MIT ha̍k-tsiá tsóo-sîng ê thuân-tuī, huat-kiàn ū tsē-tsē tiàm X ní-sik-thé ê tsíng-liû-ah-tsè-ki-in hām pa̍t-ê ki-in bô-kāng-khuán, in bē in-uī X ní-sik-thé sit-khì ua̍h-sìng tō bô-piáu-hiān, iā-tō-sī kóng lú-sìng ê sè-pau thian-sing tō ū nn̄g-thò ū kong-lîng ê tsíng-liû-ah-tsè-ki-in teh piáu-hiān, m̄-nā ka-kiông tsa-bóo-lâng ê khòng-gâm-li̍k, mā ē-tàng tsò līng-guā hit-tiâu ki-in huat-sing tu̍t-piàn ê sî-tsūn ê ióo-pì (pī-hūn).
Rubin的研究得著濟濟知名的科學家的注目佮肯定，美國華盛頓大學的遺傳學教授Christine Disteche就共美國《The Scientist》雜誌講：了解無仝性別的細胞之間的生物功能、特徵差異，對未來醫學欲發展出新一代的癌症療法是不止仔要緊。尤其現此時的醫學愈來愈重視個人化醫療(Personalized medicine)，源自性別可能造成的藥效精差，的確著愛佇藥物設計佮臨床試驗的時陣列入考慮。
Rubin ê gián-kiù tit-tio̍h tsē-tsē ti-miâ ê kho-ha̍k-ka ê tsù-bo̍k kap khíng-tīng, Bí-kok Huâ-sīng-tùn tāi-ha̍k ê uî-thuân-ha̍k kàu-siū Christine Disteche tō kā Bí-kok “The Scientist” tsa̍p-tsì kóng: liáu-kái bô-kāng sìng-pia̍t ê sè-pau tsi-kan ê sing-bu̍t-kong-lîng, ti̍k-ting tsha-ī, tuì bī-lâi i-ha̍k beh huat-tián tshut sin-tsi̍t-tāi ê gâm-tsìng liâu-huat sī put-tsí-á iàu-kín. Iû-kî hiān-tshú-sî ê i-ha̍k lú lâi lú tiōng-sī kò-jîn-huà i-liâu (Personalized medicine), guân-tsū sìng-pia̍t khó-lîng tsō-sîng ê io̍h-hāu tsing-tsha, tik-khak tio̍h-ài tī io̍h-bu̍t siat-kè kap lîm-tshn̂g-tshì-giām ê sî-tsūn lia̍t-ji̍p khó-lū.