毋知逐家敢有這个經驗,考試的前一瞑,拚勢想欲共一大拖的課本內容記落來,讀了感覺放心矣走去睏,隔轉工起床煞共昨暝所讀的冊攏袂記得了了。若是早時仔讀的冊,到下晡抑是下暗,雖罔經過的時間攏仝款,毋過親像欲記較記會起來。人講睏眠會當予腦部歇睏,睏醒人嘛較有精神,照講應該是對記憶較有利才著,毋過實際上效果哪會煞顛倒反咧?
M̄ tsai ta̍k-ke kám ū tsit ê king-giām, khó-tshì ê tsîng tsi̍t mê, piànn-sè siūnn beh kā tsi̍t-tuā-thua ê khò-pún lāi-iông kì––lo̍h-lâi, tha̍k liáu kám-kak hòng-sim––ah tsáu khì khùn, keh-tńg-kang khí-tshn̂g suah kā tsa-mê sóo tha̍k ê tsheh lóng bē-kì-tsit liáu-liáu. Nā sī tsái-sî-á tha̍k ê tsheh, kàu ē-poo a̍h-sī ē-àm, sui-bóng king-kuè ê sî-kan lóng kāng-khuán, m̄-koh tshin-tshiūnn beh kì khah kì ē khì––lâi. Lâng kóng khùn-bîn ē-tàng hōo náu-pōo hioh-khùn, khùn-tshénn lâng mā khah ū tsing-sîn, tsiàu-kóng ìng-kai sī tuì kì-ik khah iú-lī tsiah tio̍h, m̄-koh si̍t-tsè-siōng hāu-kó ná ē suah tian-tò-píng––leh?
欲回答這个問題進前,咱代先先來了解到底咱的記憶是按怎形成的。毋管是耳仔聽著的抑是目睭看著的資訊,若欲共記落來,著愛先踮腦部的hippocampus形成所謂的短期記憶。對分子的層次來看,記憶的形成是神經和神經之間相連接的結果。神經和神經的連接若愈絚,形成的記憶就愈好保存;若愈鬆,就愈𠢕袂記得。不而過神經和神經之間其實並無直接接觸,𪜶佇相拄的所在會形成一種叫做synapse的結構來互相連接交換資訊,神經synapse之間的連接若愈強抑是伊的數量若愈濟,神經網路的運作就愈有效率,形成的記憶就會使擋愈久。所擺講記憶的產先其實就是神經和神經之間synapse的形成以及伊的量佮強度增加所致。咱人當咧讀冊的時,新的synapse就佇咱的頭殼內沓沓仔形成,毋過synapse的品質佮數量是會伸勼的,一段時間了後若無複習,遮的新形成的synapse就有可能會萎縮甚至消失,所讀過的內容就袂記得矣。若是有時常複習,相關的synapse連接就會加強而且量嘛會增加,記憶就較會當維持。
Beh huê-tap tsit ê būn-tê tsìn-tsîng, lán tāi-sing sing-lâi liáu-kái tàu-té lán ê kì-ik sī án-tsuánn hîng-sîng––ê. M̄-kuán sī hīnn-á thiann–tio̍h––ê a̍h-sī ba̍k-tsiu khuànn-tio̍h ê tsu-sìn, nā beh kā kì––lo̍h-lâi, tio̍h ài sing tiàm náu-pōo ê “hippocampus” hîng-sîng sóo-uī ê té-kî-kì-ik. Uì hun-tsú ê tsân-tshù lâi khuànn, kì-ik ê hîng-sîng sī sîn-king hām sîn-king tsi-kan sio-liân-tsiap ê kiat-kó. Sîn-king hām sîn-king ê liân-tsiap nā lú ân, hîng-sîng ê kì-ik tō lú hó pó-tsûn; nā lú sang, tō lú gâu bē-kì-tsit. Put-jî-kò sîn-king hām sîn-king tsi-kan kî-si̍t pīng bô ti̍t-tsiap tsiap-tshiok, in tī sio-tú ê sóo-tsāi ē hîng-sîng tsi̍t tsióng kiò tsò “synapse” ê kiat-kòo lâi hōo-siong liân-tsiap kau-uānn tsu-sìn. Sîn-king synapse tsi-kan ê liân-tsiap nā lú kiông a̍h-sī i ê sòo-liōng nā lú tsē, sîn-king-bāng-lōo ê ūn-tsok tō lú ū hāu-lu̍t, hîng-sîng ê kì-ik tō ē-sái tòng lú kú. Sóo-pái kóng kì-ik ê sán-sing kî-si̍t tō sī sîn-king hām sîn-king tsi-kan synapse ê hîng-sîng í-ki̍p i ê liōng kap kiông-tōo tsing-ka sóo-tì. Lán lâng tng-teh tha̍k-tsheh ê sî, sin ê synapse tō tī lán ê thâu-khak lāi ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á hîng-sîng, m̄-koh synapse ê phín-tsit kap sòo-liōng sī ē tshun-kiu––ê, tsi̍t-tuānn sî-kan liáu-āu nā bô ho̍k-si̍p, tsia-ê sin hîng-sîng ê synapse tō ū khó-lîng ē ui-sok sīm-tsì siau-sit, sóo tha̍k––kuè ê lāi-iông tō bē-kì-tsit––ah. Nā sī ū sî-siông ho̍k-si̍p, siong-kuan ê synapse liân-tsiap tō ē ka-kiông jî-tshiánn liōng mā ē tsing-ka, kì-ik tō khah ē-tàng uî-tshî.
是按怎睏一瞑了定定會袂記得昨暗才拄仔讀的冊咧?記憶流失簡單講就是失去神經的連接,也就是synapse,按呢到底是啥物原因造成咱佇睏眠的時會來失去遮的synapse?人佇清醒的時,時時刻刻攏咧接受外界的刺激無煞,新的synapse就一直咧產生。毋過synapse的發展是有撙節的,因為腦部的資源有限,無法度予synapse無受限制的增生。設使若無共控制,予伊一直生湠落去,腦連鞭就會飽滇,無空間通形成新synapse來建立新的記憶,這對人的生存相當不利。為著避免這个問題,咱咧睏的時腦部會減弱所有神經synapse之間的連接(synaptic downscaling),釋放出空間來保持生理平衡(homeostasis)。毋過雖罔整體來看神經synapse之間的連接是減弱,無仝synapse之間的相對強度猶是無變,原底較粗勇的synapse仝款會比別个較好勢。譬論講考台語認證的時陣,你可能無法度共彼寡罕見的字詞親像《鉎》、《硩》抑是《忝》記予牢,但是你絕對袂去袂記得常用字親像《天》、《地》抑是《水》等等。
Sī-án-tsuánn khùn-tsi̍t-mê liáu tiānn-tiānn ē bē-kì-tsit tsa-àm tsiah tú-á tha̍k ê tsheh––leh? Kì-ik liû-sit kán-tan kóng tō sī sit-khì sîn-king ê liân-tsiap, iā tō sī synapse, án-ne tàu-té sī siánn-mih guân-in tsō-sîng lán tī khùn-bîn ê sî ē lâi sit-khì tsia-ê synapse? Lâng tī tshing-tshénn ê sî, sî-sî-khik-khik lóng teh tsiap-siū guā-kài ê tshì-kik bô suah, sin ê synapse tō it-ti̍t teh sán-sing. M̄-koh synapse ê huat-tián sī ū tsún-tsat––ê, in-uī náu-pōo ê tsu-guân iú-hān, bô-huat-tōo hōo synapse bô siū hān-tsè ê tsing-sing. Siat-sú nā bô kā khòng-tsè, hōo i it-ti̍t senn-thuànn––lo̍h-khì, náu liâm-mi tō ē pá-tīnn, bô khong-kan thang hîng-sîng sin synapse lâi kiàn-li̍p sin ê kì-ik, tse tuì lâng ê sing-tsûn siong-tong put-lī. Uī-tio̍h pī-bián tsit ê būn-tê, lán teh khùn ê sî náu-pōo ē kiám-jio̍k sóo-ū sîn-king synapse tsi-kan ê liân-tsiap (synaptic downscaling), sik-hòng tshut khong-kan lâi pó-tshî sing-lí-pîng-hîng (homeostasis). M̄-koh sui-bóng tsíng-thé lâi khuànn sîn-king synapse tsi-kan ê liân-tsiap sī kiám-jio̍k, bô-kāng synapse tsi-kan ê siong-tuì kiông-tōo iáu sī bô piàn, guân-té khah tshoo-ióng ê synapse kāng-khuán ē pí pa̍t-ê khah hó-sè. Phì-lūn kóng khó Tâi-gí jīn-tsìng ê sî-tsūn, lí khó-lîng bô-huat-tōo kā hit kuá hán-kiàn ê jī-sû tshin-tshiūnn “鉎”, “硩”, a̍h-sī “忝” kì-hōo tiâu, tān-sī lí tsua̍t-tuì bē khì bē-kì-tsit siông-iōng jī tshin-tshiūnn “天”, “地”, a̍h-sī “水” tíng-tíng.
美國Johns Hopkins University的Richard Huganir博士和University of Wisconsin-Madison的Chiara Cirelli博士𤆬領無仝的研究團隊佇鳥鼠仔的實驗觀察著這種synaptic downscaling的現象。Cirelli博士的團隊比較精神的佮當咧睏的鳥鼠仔之間的神經synapse的差別,𪜶發現鳥鼠仔咧睏的時神經之間的synapse連接強度會減少20%,佇這種狀況之下,原本較荏的synapse就有可能會流失去,較勇的才會留落來。Cirelli博士強調講,synapse的減少是符合演化的利益的,咱人類若欲生存佮別个野獸競爭,的確著愛共較無要緊的記憶擲掉,共佮生存有關的重要記憶保留。這就是為啥物愈晏形成的抑是佮人生活較無關係的記憶(親像昨暗拄仔讀的冊),佇睏醒了會遮𠢕袂記得。
Bí-kok Johns Hopkins University ê Richard Huganir phok-sū hām University of Wisconsin-Madison ê Chiara Cirelli phok-sū tshuā-niá bô-kāng ê gián-kiù thuân-tuī tī niáu-tshí-á ê si̍t-giām kuan-tshat tio̍h tsit tsióng “synaptic downscaling” ê hiān-siōng. Cirelli phok-sū ê thuân-tuī pí-kàu tsing-sîn ê kap tng-teh khùn ê niáu-tshí-á tsi-kan ê sîn-king synapse ê tsha-pia̍t, in huat-hiān niáu-tshí-á teh khùn ê sî sîn-king tsi-kan ê synapse liân-tsiap kiông-tōo ē kiám-tsió pah-hun-tsi-jī-tsa̍p, tī tsit tsióng tsōng-hóng tsi-hā, guân-pún khah lám ê synapse tō ū khó-lîng ē liû-sit khì, khah ióng ê tsiah ē lâu––lo̍h-lâi. Cirelli phok-sū kiông-tiāu kóng, synapse ê kiám-tsió sī hû-ha̍p ián-huà ê lī-ik––ê, lán jîn-luī nā beh sing-tsûn kap pa̍t-ê iá-siù kīng-tsing, tik-khak tio̍h ài kā khah bô iàu-kín ê kì-ik tàn-tiāu, kā kap sing-tsûn iú-kuan ê tiōng-iàu kì-ik pó-liû. Tse tō sī uī-siánn-mih lú uànn hîng-sîng ê a̍h-sī kap lâng sing-ua̍h khah bô kuan-hē ê kì-ik (tshin-tshiūnn tsa-àm tú-á tha̍k ê tsheh), khùn-tshénn liáu ē tsiah gâu bē-kì-tsit.
雖罔睏眠有造成記憶流失的䆀處,有夠額的睏眠對頭殼的健康是不止仔要緊,有研究顯示睏眠無夠會大大影響著咱腦的認知功能。所擺講,睏眠是咧幫贊咱共無重要的記憶挕掉,予腦部會使順利運作,萬萬毋通為著無想欲予讀的冊袂記得煞來規瞑無睏。
Sui-bóng khùn-bîn ū tsō-sîng kì-ik liû-sit ê bái-tshù, ū kàu-gia̍h ê khùn-bîn tuì thâu-khak ê kiān-khong sī put-tsí-á iàu-kín, ū gián-kiù hián-sī khùn-bîn bô-kàu ē tuā-tuā íng-hióng tio̍h lán náu ê jīn-ti kong-lîng. Sóo-pái kóng, khùn-bîn sī teh pang-tsān lán kā bô-tiōng-iàu ê kì-ik hìnn-tiāu, hōo náu-pōo ē-sái sūn-lī ūn-tsok, bān-bān m̄-thang uī-tio̍h bô siūnn beh hōo tha̍k ê tsheh bē-kì-tsit suah lâi kui mê bô khùn.