日本京都大學的教授Jun Takahashi 佇7月31號宣布，伊利用人工多功能性幹細胞 (induced pluripotent stem cell, iPS cell) 來治療帕金森氏症 (Parkinson’s disease) 的臨床試驗正式起行。這是醫學界頭一擺用iPS細胞療法來治療Parkinson’s，也是全世界第三个共iPS技術用佇病人身軀頂的例，引起全球科學界的大注目。

Ji̍t-pún Kiann-too-tāi-ha̍k ê kàu-siū Jun Takahashi tī tshit-gue̍h sann-tsa̍p-it-hō suan-pòo, i lī-iōng jîn-kang to-kong-lîng-sìng kàn-sè-pau (induced pluripotent stem cell, iPS cell) lâi tī-liâu Parkinson’s tsìng (Parkinson’s disease) ê lîm-tshn̂g-tshì-giām tsìng-sik khí-kiânn. Tse sī i-ha̍k-kài thâu-tsi̍t-pái iōng iPS sè-pau-liâu-huat lâi tī-liâu Parkinson’s, iā sī tsuân-sè-kài tē sann ê kā iPS ki-su̍t iōng tī pēnn-lâng sin-khu-tíng ê lē, ín-khí tsuân-kiû kho-ha̍k-kài ê tuā tsù-bo̍k.

iPS 的技術是日本學者Shinya Yamanaka佇2006年發明的，Yamanaka嘛因為發明iPS來得著2012年的Nobel獎。簡單講，iPS予科學家會當共咱體內原底無分化能力的體細胞 (somatic cell) 轉變做類似胚胎幹細胞 (embryonic stem cell) 的多功能性幹細胞 (pluripotent stem cell)。iPS細胞有和胚胎幹細胞相仝的分化能力，會使分化出咱體內任何的細胞組織。對醫學界來講，iPS細胞有兩大優勢：第一是伊的來源充足，咱體內任何的細胞 (一般是用皮膚抑是血液細胞) 攏會當共提來轉換做iPS細胞。第二是伊無和使用胚胎幹細胞仝款的道德爭議，因為伊的來源通常是病人家己的體細胞。有濟濟實驗室已經利用iPS細胞培養出具備正常器官功能的類器官(organoid)。親像腦、肝、腎以及佮消化相關的類器官，已經予研究人員用佇各種病的致病機制探討佮藥物開發，甚至閣有學者認為有可能會使共伊用來取代歹去的器官，佇醫學的用途是不止仔闊。

iPS ê ki-su̍t sī Ji̍t-pún ha̍k-tsiá Shinya Yamanaka tī 2006 nî huat-bîng––ê, Yamanaka mā in-uī huat-bîng iPS lâi tit-tio̍h 2012 nî ê Nobel tsióng. Kán-tan kóng, iPS hōo kho-ha̍k-ka ē-tàng kā lán thé-lāi guân-té bô hun-huà-lîng-li̍k ê thé-sè-pau (somatic cell) tsuán-piàn tsò luī-sū phue-thai kàn-sè-pau (embryonic stem cell) ê to-kong-lîng-sìng kàn-sè-pau (pluripotent stem cell). iPS sè-pau ū hām phue-thai kàn-sè-pau sio-kāng ê hun-huà-lîng-li̍k, ē-sái hun-huà tshut lán thé-lāi jīm-hô ê sè-pau tsoo-tsit. Tuì i-ha̍k-kài lâi kóng, iPS sè-pau ū nn̄g tuā iu-sè: tē it sī i ê lâi-guân tshiong-tsiok, lán thé-lāi jīm-hô ê sè-pau (it-puann sī iōng phuê-hu a̍h-sī hueh-i̍k-sè-pau) lóng ē-tàng kā the̍h lâi tsuán-uānn tsò iPS sè-pau. Tē jī sī i bô hām sú-iōng phue-thai kàn-sè-pau kāng-khuán ê tō-tik tsing-gī, in-uī i ê lâi-guân thong-siông sī pēnn-lâng ka-tī ê thé-sè-pau. Ū tsē-tsē si̍t-giām-sik í-king lī-iōng iPS sè-pau puê-ióng tshut kū-pī tsìng-siông khì-kuan kong-lîng ê luī-khì-kuan (organoid). Tshin-tshiūnn náu, kuann, sīn, í-ki̍p kap siau-huà siong-kuan ê luī-khì-kuan, í-king hōo gián-kiù-jîn-guân iōng tī kok-tsióng pēnn ê tì-pēnn-ki-tsè thàm-thó kap io̍h-bu̍t khai-huat, sīm-tsì koh ū ha̍k-tsiá jīn-uî ū khó-lîng ē-sái kā i iōng lâi tshú-tāi pháinn––khì ê khì-kuan, tī i-ha̍k ê iōng-tôo sī put-tsí-á khuah.

Parkinson’s 是一種神經退化性病症 (neurodegenerative disease)，是全世界第二普遍的慢性神經退化症，佇美國就有至少一百萬的患者，發生率干焦輸予有五百外萬患者的阿茲海默氏症 (Alzheimer’s disease)。Parkinson’s的病因是腦部產生dopamine的神經細胞死亡，致使腦部欠缺夠額的dopamine。Dopamine是一種神經傳導物質，佇腦內扮演濟濟角色，除了咱進前捌介紹過佮癮薰有關的以外，閣有一項不止要緊的就是協調腦內參與運動控制的腦區的運作，予咱會使順利完成無論是簡單抑是複雜的動作，就若親像一个樂團的指揮按呢。Parkinson’s的患者因為失去dopamine來整合各運動神經的機能，造成𪜶出現濟濟運動功能障礙，包含手掣、行動袂自然無平衡感、行路慢閣定定跋倒等等。

Parkinson’s sī tsi̍t tsióng sîn-king thè-huà-sìng pēnn-tsìng (neurodegenerative disease), sī tsuân-sè-kài tē jī phóo-phiàn ê bān-sìng sîn-king thè-huà tsìng, tī Bí-kok tō ū tsì-tsió tsi̍t-pah bān ê huān-tsiá, huat-sing-lu̍t kan-na su hōo ū gōo-pah-guā bān huān-tsiá ê Alzheimer’s tsìng (Alzheimer’s disease). Parkinson’s ê pēnn-in sī náu-pōo sán-sing dopamine ê sîn-king-sè-pau sí-bông, tì-sú náu-pōo khiàm-khuat kàu gia̍h ê dopamine. Dopamine sī tsi̍t tsióng sîn-king thuân-tō-bu̍t-tsit, tī náu-lāi pān-ián tsē-tsē kak-sik, tû-liáu lán tsìn-tsîng bat kài-siāu––kuè kap giàn-hun iú-kuan––ê í-guā, koh ū tsi̍t hāng put-tsí iàu-kín––ê tō sī hia̍p-tiau náu-lāi tsham-ú ūn-tōng-khòng-tsè ê náu-khu ê ūn-tsok, hōo lán ē-sái sūn-lī uân-sîng bô-lūn sī kán-tan a̍h-sī ho̍k-tsa̍p ê tōng-tsok, tō ná tshin-tshiūnn tsi̍t ê ga̍k-thuân ê tsí-hui án-ne. Parkinson’s ê huān-tsiá in-uī sit-khì dopamine lâi tsíng-ha̍p kok ūn-tōng-sîn-king ê ki-lîng, tsō-sîng in tshut-hiān tsē-tsē ūn-tōng-kong-lîng tsiòng-gāi, pau-hâm tshiú-tshuah, hîng-tōng bē tsū-jiân bô pîng-hîng-kám, kiânn-lōo bān koh tiānn-tiānn pua̍h-tó tíng-tíng.

Parkinson’s到今猶是無治療的方法，當今主流的療法干焦會使減輕症狀爾爾，無法度阻斷病情的惡化。醫學界攏寄望Takahashi 的iPS療法會當帶來革命性的效果，因為若是iPS細胞分化出的健康神經細胞會使佇病人腦內生產夠額的dopamine，Takahashi就誠有機會會當共Parkinson’s治療好勢。Takahashi的研究團隊佇舊年捌發表論文，表示𪜶的iPS療法佇著Parkinson’s的病猴身軀頂試驗成功，恢復猴的神經功能而且閣無出現嚴重副作用。今，Takahashi 的團隊準備欲共利用iPS細胞分化培養出的500萬粒會產生dopamine的神經細胞注入去病人的腦部，向望會當來治好Parkinson’s 。這个人體試驗若成功的話，對全球當咧予Parkinson’s苦毒的患者會使講是一大福音。

Parkinson’s kàu-tann iáu sī bô tī-liâu ê hong-huat, tong-kim tsú-liû ê liâu-huat kan-na ē-sái kiám-khin tsìng-tsōng niā-niā, bô-huat-tōo tsóo-tn̄g pēnn-tsîng ê ok-huà. I-ha̍k-kài lóng kià-bāng Takahashi ê iPS liâu-huat ē-tàng tuà-lâi kik-bīng-sìng ê hāu-kó, in-uī nā sī iPS sè-pau hun-huà tshut ê kiān-khong sîn-king-sè-pau ē-sái tī pēnn-lâng ê náu-lāi sing-sán kàu gia̍h ê dopamine, Takahashi tō tsiânn ū ki-huē ē-tàng kā Parkinson’s tī-liâu hó-sè. Takahashi ê gián-kiù-thuân-tuī tī kū-nî bat huat-piáu lūn-bûn, piáu-sī in ê iPS liâu-huat tī tio̍h Parkinson’s ê pēnn-kâu sin-khu-tíng tshì-giām sîng-kong, khue-ho̍k kâu ê sîn-king kong-lîng jî-tshiánn koh bô tshut-hiān giâm-tiōng hù-tsok-iōng. Tann, Takahashi ê thuân-tuī tsún-pī beh kā lī-iōng iPS sè-pau hun-huà puê-ióng tshut ê gōo-pah bān lia̍p ē sán-sing dopamine ê sîn-king-sè-pau tsù ji̍p khì pēnn-lâng ê náu-pōo, ǹg-bāng ē-tàng lâi tī hó Parkinson’s. Tsit ê jîn-thé-tshì-giām nā sîng-kong ê uē, tuì tsuân-kiû tng-teh hōo Parkinson’s khóo-to̍k ê huān-tsiá ē-sái kóng sī tsi̍t tuā hok-im.