全文朗讀 Tsuân-bûn lóng-tho̍k
定定聽人講語言著愛冗早學,上好是愈細漢愈好,因為囡仔人是學語言的天才,若拖傷久才欲學,就無法度避免講話全腔、發音無標準抑是句法錯誤的問題。也就是因為驚未來會綴人綴袂著,濟濟序大人攏相爭欲共囡仔送去讀英語補習班,向望𪜶會當自然而然的開喙講英語,紲落去毋管是欲考試抑是允頭路,攏會較順序。
Tiānn-tiānn thiann lâng kóng gí-giân tio̍h-ài liōng-tsá o̍h, siōng-hó sī lú sè-hàn lú hó, in-uī gín-á-lâng sī o̍h gí-giân ê thian-tsâi, nā thua-siunn-kú tsiah beh o̍h, tō bô-huat-tōo pī-bián kóng-uē tsuân khiunn, huat-im bô piau-tsún a̍h-sī kù-huat tshò-ngōo ê būn-tê. Iā-tō-sī in-uī kiann bī-lâi ē tuè lâng tuè bē tio̍h, tsē-tsē sī-tuā-lâng lóng sio-tsenn beh kā gín-á sàng-khì thak Ing-gí póo-si̍p-pan, ǹg-bāng in ē-tàng tsū-jiân-jî-jiân ê khui-tshuì kóng Ing-gí, suà––lo̍h-khì m̄-kuán sī beh khó-tshì a̍h-sī ín-thâu-lōo, lóng ē khah sūn-sū.
按呢敢表示講咱若大漢才開始學,就無通好閣共第二語言學好勢矣?親像講濟濟大漢才去外國留學的人,𪜶雖罔落尾英語、法語抑是日語攏講甲誠輾轉,毋過咱嘛是聽會出來𪜶講話有腔。就算是佇台灣逐所在捷捷聽會著的台語,若自細漢就無咧講,聽候到大漢才想欲來學,常常會講甲離離落落。便若拄著選舉,定定攏有候選人用無蓋輾轉的台語、客語抑是原住民族語咧參民眾跋感情,就準講是學幾若冬的人,發音走精的問題嘛常常會拄著。
Án-ne kám piáu-sī kóng lán nā tuā-hàn tsiah khai-sí o̍h, tō bô-thang-hó koh kā tē-jī-gí-giân o̍h hó-sè––ah? Tshin-tshiūnn kóng tsē-tsē tuā-hàn tsiah khì guā-kok liû-ha̍k ê lâng, in sui-bóng lo̍h-bué Ing-gí, Huat-gí, a̍h-sī Ji̍t-gí lóng kóng kah tsiânn liàn-tńg, m̄-koh lán mā-sī thiann ē tshut lâi in kóng uē ū khiunn. Tō sǹg sī tī Tâi-uân ta̍k-sóo-tsāi tsia̍p-tsia̍p thiann-ē-tio̍h ê Tâi-gí, nā tsū sè-hàn tō bô-teh-kóng, thìng-hāu kàu tuā-hàn tsiah siūnn beh lâi o̍h, siông-siông ē kóng kah li-li-lak-lak. Piān-nā tú-tio̍h suán-kí, tiānn-tiānn lóng ū hāu-suán-jîn iōng bô-kài liàn-tńg ê Tâi-gí, Kheh-gí, a̍h-sī Guân-tsū-bîn-tso̍k-gí teh tsham bîn-tsiòng pua̍h-kám-tsîng, tō tsún-kóng sī o̍h kuí-nā tang ê lâng, huat-im tsáu-tsing ê būn-tê mā siông-siông ē tú––tio̍h.
大人敢有才調共語言學好勢?Tuā-lâng kám-ū tsâi-tiāu kā gí-giân o̍h hó-sè?
逐家攏知影語言愈細漢學會愈好學,毋過是愛偌細漢才好?有人講學齡前,因為咱自出世到五六歲左右,是腦部發育上緊的時期;嘛有人講青春期也就是性hoo-lú-bóng開始分泌進前,毋管是佗一个理論,總是無一个精確的時間點。舊年五月,美國MIT的學者設計一个線頂的英語語法測驗,吸引全球欲67萬人參與,年歲對10歲到70歲攏有,其中三分之一的受試者的母語是英語,其他主要是講別種歐洲語言的人。佇測驗裡,𪜶問受試者學英語的時間、學的方式、對幾歲開始學、母語是佗一語等等。我共𪜶的結果整理佇下底予逐家參考:
Ta̍k-ke lóng tsai-iánn gí-giân lú sè-hàn o̍h ē lú hó o̍h, m̄-koh sī ài guā sè-hàn tsiah hó? Ū lâng kóng ha̍k-lîng tsîng, in-uī lán tsū tshut-sì kàu gōo-la̍k huè tsó-iū, sī náu-pōo huat-io̍k siōng kín ê sî-kî; mā ū lâng kóng tshing-tshun-kî iā-tō-sī sìng-hoo-lú-bóng khai-sí hun-pì tsìn-tsîng, m̄-kuán sī tó-tsi̍t-ê lí-lūn, tsóng-sī bô-tsi̍t-ê tsing-khak ê sî-kan-tiám. Kū-nî gōo––gue̍h, Bí-kok MIT ê ha̍k-tsiá siat-kè tsi̍t-ê suànn-tíng ê Ing-gí-gí-huat tshik-giām, khip-ín tsuân-kiû beh la̍k-tsa̍p-tshit-bān lâng tsham-ú, nî-huè uì 10 huè kàu 70 huè lóng ū, kî-tiong sann-hun-tsi-it ê siū-tshì-tsiá ê bó-gí sī Ing-gí, kî-tha tsú-iàu sī kóng pa̍t-tsióng Au-tsiu-gí-giân ê lâng. Tī tshik-giām ni̍h, in mn̄g siū-tshì-tsiá o̍h Ing-gí ê sî-kan, o̍h ê hong-sik, uì kuí-huè khai-sí o̍h, bó-gí sī tó-tsi̍t-gí tíng-tíng. Guá kā in ê kiat-kó tsíng-lí tī ē-té hōo ta̍k-ke tsham-khó:
學語言的關鍵時期到十七八歲 O̍h gí-giân ê kuan-kiān-sî-kî kàu tsa̍p-tshit-pueh-huè
𪜶發見你若佇十七八歲前就開始學英語,你對英語語法的掌握力有機會會達到和英語母語人仝款的水準。若閣愈早學,比論講佇十歲至十二歲進前就開始進行浸水式的學習,英語程度欲達到和母語人相當,完全無問題。毋過若欲完全掌握英語語法,毋管是母語人抑是非母語人,攏需要約略30冬浸水式的學習,提醒逐家就算是家己的母語,學習嘛是袂使斷站去。
In huat-kiàn lí nā tī tsa̍p-tshit-pueh huè tsîng tō khai-sí o̍h Ing-gí, lí tuì Ing-gí-gí-huat ê tsiáng-ak-li̍k ū ki-huē ē ta̍t-kàu hām Ing-gí bó-gí lâng kāng-khuán ê tsuí-tsún. Nā koh lú tsá o̍h, pí-lūn kóng tī tsa̍p-huè tsì tsa̍p-jī-huè tsìn-tsîng tō khai-sí tsìn-hîng tsìm-tsuí-sik ê ha̍k-si̍p, Ing-gí thîng-tōo beh ta̍t-kàu hām bó-gí-lâng siong-tong, uân-tsuân bô-būn-tê. M̄-koh nā beh uân-tsuân tsiáng-ak Ing-gí gí-huat, m̄-kuán sī bó-gí-lâng a̍h-sī hui-bó-gí-lâng, lóng su-iàu iok-lio̍k 30 tang tsìm-tsuí-sik ê ha̍k-si̍p, thê-tshénn ta̍k-ke tō-sǹg sī ka-tī ê bó-gí, ha̍k-si̍p mā-sī bē-sái tn̄g-tsām––khì.
是按怎咱會佇十七八歲以後沓沓仔失去學語言的能力?咱腦部的發育(對微觀來看就是神經網路的形成),主要佇學齡前五六歲左右,所以學語言的能力退化應該和腦部的發育無底代。若準講hoo-lú-bóng的分泌會影響語言學習,按呢因為查某囡仔比查埔囡仔較早進入青春期,佇這个研究中,咱應該愛看著男女之間測驗的精差,毋過實際上並無差別,可見hoo-lú-bóng的分泌應該嘛毋是主要的因端。
Sī-án-tsuánn lán ē tī tsa̍p-tshit-pueh-huè í-āu ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á sit-khì o̍h gí-giân ê lîng-li̍k? Lán náu-pōo ê huat-io̍k (uì bî-kuan lâi khuànn tō-sī sîn-king-bāng-lōo ê hîng-sîng), tsú-iàu tī ha̍k-lîng-tsîng gōo-la̍k-huè tsó-iū, sóo-í o̍h gí-giân ê lîng-li̍k thè-huà ìng-kai hām náu-pōo ê huat-io̍k bô-tī-tāi. Nā tsún-kóng hoo-lú-bóng ê hun-pì ē íng-hióng gí-giân-ha̍k-si̍p, án-ne in-uī tsa-bóo-gín-á pí tsa-poo-gín-á khah tsá tsìn-ji̍p tshing-tshun-kî, tī tsit-ê gián-kiù tiong, lán ìng-kai ài khuànn-tio̍h lâm-lú tsi-kan tshik-giām ê tsing-tsha, m̄-koh si̍t-tsè-siōng pīng bô tsha-pia̍t, khó-kiàn hoo-lú-bóng ê hun-pì ìng-kai mā m̄-sī tsú-iàu ê in-tuann.
論文的學者推論講社會和文化因素無的確是上大的因端,因為十八歲拄仔好是少年人高中畢業離開厝去讀大學,或者是出社會食頭路的時陣,生活的改變予𪜶較無遐濟時間和精神專心學語言,上無嘛無法度親像以早按呢規工屈佇教室學習。無夠額的時間通讀,自然就學較袂好勢。
Lūn-bûn ê tsok-tsiá thui-lūn kóng siā-huē hām bûn-huà in-sòo bô tik-khak sī siōng-tuā ê in-tuann, in-uī tsa̍p-pueh-huè tú-á-hó sī siàu-liân-lâng ko-tiong pit-gia̍p lī-khui tshù khì tha̍k-tāi-ha̍k, hi̍k-tsiá-sī tshut-siā-huē tsia̍h-thâu-lōo ê sî-tsūn, sing-ua̍h ê kái-piàn hōo in khah bô hiah-tsē sî-kan hām tsing-sîn tsuan-sim o̍h-gí-giân, siōng-bô mā bô-huat-tōo tshin-tshiūnn í-tsá án-ne kui-kang khut-tī kàu-sik ha̍k-si̍p. Bô-kàu-gia̍h ê sî-kan thang tha̍k, tsū-jiân tō o̍h khah bē hó-sè.
大人學語言的優勢 Tuā-lâng o̍h gí-giân ê iu-sè
雖罔平均來看若十七八歲了後欲學新語言會較食力,成功率嘛較低,毋過嘛是有濟濟多語人佇二十歲以後閣會當共幾若个語言學好勢的案例,可見若用著方法,閣有心落去學,大人也是有才調學。而且有不止仔濟的研究嘛發見,若予大人參囡仔同齊學新語言,大人進步的速度會較緊。原因可能是因為大人已經會曉家己的母語,而且嘛有較好的邏輯思考能力,會當利用所知的基本智識來幫贊家己掠著學新語言的鋩角。
Sui-bóng pîng-kin lâi-khuànn nā tsa̍p-tshit-pueh-huè liáu-āu beh o̍h sin-gí-giân ē khah tsia̍h-la̍t, sîng-kong-lu̍t mā khah kē, m̄-koh mā-sī ū tsē-tsē to-gí-lâng tī jī-tsa̍p-huè í-āu koh ē-tàng kā kuí-nā ê gí-giân o̍h hó-sè ê àn-lē, khó-kiàn nā iōng-tio̍h hong-huat, koh ū sim lo̍h-khì o̍h, tuā-lâng iā-sī ū-tsâi-tiāu o̍h. Jî-tshiánn ū put-tsí-á tsē ê gián-kiù mā huat-kiàn, nā hōo tuā-lâng tsham gín-á tâng-tsê o̍h sin gí-giân, tuā-lâng tsìn-pōo ê sok-tōo ē khah kín. Guân-in khó-lîng sī in-uī tuā-lâng í-king ē-hiáu ka-tī ê bó-gí, jî-tshiánn mā-ū khah hó ê lô-tsi̍p su-khó lîng-li̍k, ē-tàng lī-iōng sóo tsai ê ki-pún-tì-sik lâi pang-tsān ka-tī lia̍h-tio̍h o̍h sin gí-giân ê mê-kak.
學英語和你的第一語言無底代 O̍h Ing-gí hām lí ê tē-it-gí-giân bô-tī-tāi
佇濟濟人的認捌裡,常常會認為歐洲人學英語應該會比亞洲人較占優勢,因為語音和語法較相倚。毋過佇論文裡,科學家發見講無仝母語並袂予你比別人較𠢕抑是較頇顢學英語。雖罔來自無仝語系的人,因為受母語的影響,定定會犯特定的語法抑是發音的錯誤,毋過𪜶整體的英語程度並無精差,長期學落去,講無仝話語的人終其尾攏會使達到和英語人相當的坎站。
Tī tsē-tsē lâng ê jīn-bat––ni̍h, siông-siông ē jīn-uî Au-tsiu-lâng o̍h-Ing-gí ìng-kai ē pí A-tsiu-lâng khah tsiàm-iu-sè, in-uī gí-im hām gí-huat khah sio-uá. M̄-koh tī lūn-bûn––ni̍h, kho-ha̍k-ka huat-kiàn kóng bô-kāng bó-gí pīng bē hōo lí pí pa̍t-lâng khah gâu a̍h-sī khah han-bān o̍h Ing-gí. Sui-bóng lâi-tsū bô-kāng gí-hē ê lâng, in-uī siū bó-gí ê íng-hióng, tiānn-tiānn ē huān ti̍k-tīng ê gí-huat a̍h-sī huat-im ê tshò-ngōo, m̄-koh in tsíng-thé ê Ing-gí thîng-tōo pīng bô tsing-tsha, tn̂g-kî o̍h––lo̍h-khì, kóng bô-kāng uē-gí ê lâng tsiong-kî-bué lóng ē-sái ta̍t-kàu hām Ing-gí-lâng siong-tong ê khám-tsām.
論文尾作者強調講,雖然愈晏學欲達到和母語人相仝的程度會愈艱難,毋過並毋是無可能。咱逐家,毋管你是大人抑是囡仔,攏有誠強的語言學習能力,斷斷毋通因為感覺家己傷老來放棄學習。
Lūn-bûn bué tsok-tsiá kiông-tiāu kóng, sui-jiân lú uànn o̍h beh ta̍t-kàu hām bó-gí-lâng sio-kāng ê thîng-tōo ē lú kan-lân, m̄-koh pīng m̄-sī bô-khó-lîng. Lán ta̍k-ke, m̄-kuán lí sī tuā-lâng a̍h-sī gín-á, lóng ū tsiânn-kiông ê gí-giân ha̍k-si̍p-lîng-li̍k, tuàn-tuàn m̄-thang in-uī kám-kak ka-tī siunn-lāu lâi hòng-khì ha̍k-si̍p.